| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in an ratio of about two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
| Short term energy shortage and cell wall structure in plants | What are the functions of carbohydrates? |
| Carbohydrate Monomer | Monosaccharide or simple sugar |
| Glucose | Main energy source for cells. |
| Disaccharides | Two monosaccharides can combine in an condensation reaction to form a double sugar |
| Sucrose | Common table sugar made of glucose and fructose |
| Polysaccharides | A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| Glycogen | Consists of hundreds of glucose molecules strung together in an high branched chain; stores energy in animal cells |
| Cellulose | Fiber; cell wall |
| Sugar, fruit, vegetables, bread, pasta, potatoes | What are the common dietary sources of carbohydrates? |
| Lipids | Large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| Long term energy storage and organ protection | What are the functions of a lipid? |
| Glycerol and Fatty acids | What are the two types of monomers? |
| Glycerol | Hydrophillic (water loving) |
| Fatty acids | Hydrophobic (water fearing) |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | contain a double bond and are bent in shape |
| Liquid | What are unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature? |
| Plant fats | Where are unsaturated fatty acids found in? |
| Saturated fatty acids | contain single bonds and are straight |
| Solid | What are saturated fatty acids at room temperature? |
| Animal fats | Where are saturated fatty acids found in? |
| Hydrogenated Fats | Also known as transfat. Unsaturated fatty acids that have had hydrogen artificially added |
| Polymer | Triglycerides (1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids) |
| Phospholipids | Make up cell membrane which contains glycerol and two fatty acids |
| Structure of a Phospholipids | Cell membrane is composed to two layers of phospholipids, which are referred to as the lipid bi layer. The inability to dissolve in water allows the membrane to form a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell's various functional groups attached to them needed by the body for nerve cells and other cells to function normally. Part of cell membrane and used to produce other hormones. |
| Hormones | Steroid compounds that act as chemical messengers between cells. |
| Cholesterol | One of the most familiar steriods |
| Unsaturated Fats | Oils (Olives, canola, avacado, etc.) nut, fish |
| Saturated Fats | Diary (butter, milk, cheese), meats, lard (crisco) |
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