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Hemorrhage excessive bleeding anemia disorder when an abnormally low level of hemoglobin or red blood cells in the blood prevents adequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues causes of anemia excessive loss of Red Blood Cells(hemolytic, sickle cell, blood loss) Impaired production of red blood cells( iron deficiency,pernicious, aplastic) symptoms of anemia fatigue, c/o being cold, and pallor each anemia type has additional symptoms that are unique Hypovelmic anemia( blood loss anemia) sudden acute loss of blood can cause death quickly immediate blood transfusions are essential and life-saving Hypovelmic shock hypotension, tachycardia, cool, clammy skin Hemolytic anemia excessive destruction of RBC's may occur due to overactive spleen, malaria, or toxins from bacteria sickle cell anemia autosomal recessive disorder more common among African-Americans (about 1 in 12 has the trait and are carriers. no known cure Leukopenia WBC count below 5000 Erythropenia RBC below 4.5 million THrombocytopenia platelet count below 150,000 leukocytosis WBC above 10,000..usually due to infection erythrocytosis RBC count above 5.5 million Thrombocytosis platelet count above 450,000 Hemoplilia congenital coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of specific clotting factor. X-linked recessive trait disorder( male inherits the trait and females become carriers of the trait) Thrombocytopenia Deficiency in platelets results in hemorrhage in the skin or mucous membranes. Pertechiae tiny red spots on skin due to minute hemorrhage purpura purplish discolorations in the skin; do not blanche (become white) with pressure Ecchymosis bruise Hematoma collection of blood DIC (DISSEMINATED INTRAVACULAR COAGULATION) life threatening condition involving over-activation of the clotting mechanism with massive internal bleeding and tiny clots forming in capillaries. Occurs due to massive burns, trauma, obstetrical complications Polycythemia Vera increase in the RBC count due to conditions where lack of oxygen stimulates bone marrow to increase RBC production ( high attitudes and chronic lung disease. Leukemia neoplastic blood disease characterized by increased number of WBC's that are immature and unable to function to fight infection. Lack of RBCs and platelets accompany leukemia chronic leukemia more prevalent in older adults and often patients survive for many years after diagnosis due to chemotherapy treatments may be fatal acute leukemia more common in children under 10 y/o. Chemotherapy drug treatment can result in long-term remission