Humanities Egyptian Architecture
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is so important about Egyptian Architecture? | Building Power |
| What was the 'highway' of the era? | The Nile River |
| Nile o-meter- Why Important? | Allowed scribes to make predictions |
| Mortuary- Funerary Complexes- What Purpose? | Rejoin gods in after life. |
| How were workers paid? | Food, beer, or clothing |
| How did design aspects EVOLVE? | Grew through trial and error |
| Where did materials come from? | Limestone, stone, and rock |
| Mortuary Temples of Old Kingdom- Mastabas- Describe. | People offered gifts in the chapel |
| Engineering interior chambers- Post & Lintel- Define. | Post was the supporting part of the Lintel |
| What is the capital of Egypt? | Memphis |
| Dam Dimensions | Saved city, 49 feet around city hall, in between the was were loose stone, rock and rubble. |
| Ruler: Djoser | Old Kingdom- 2667- 2648 BC. |
| Djoser's tomb at Saqqara= Step Pyramid- Why is it important? | Was the most elaborate, 62.5 meters high, Is buried inside it as well as queens and children. |
| First Architect= Imhotep. What were his titles? | High Priest, Prime minister, and treasurer for Djoser. |
| The evolution of pyramid building? | Built pyramids to fool people who tried to rob them. |
| Ruler: Snefu | Great Pyramid Builders- Old Kingdom- Dyansty IV (2613- 2589 BC). Consolidated power |
| Red Pyramid was the first true pyramid- Why? | Also called the North Pyramid, allowed pharoahs to place weight on top and corral would spread it out. Interior was made up of arches and rooms. |
| Ruler: Cheops (Khofu) | 2551-2528 BC |
| Contracting the Great Pyramid- Details: | 2,300,000 limestone bricks, Rudimentary copper and stone cutting blocks, Barges to float blocks, used pearly white limestone to polish the outside. Labor=4,000 workers, Took 23 years to build. |
| Design of the Exterior and Interior | Multiple rooms in the southern part (usually had the body, also the heart was the only thing kept) Other body parts were in the Northern part in jars. |
| Sarcophagus- location? | Located in the lower chamber |
| Ka Statue- Location? | The statue was located in the higher chamber. |
| What was around the pyramids? | Huge Scale, Chapels, Burial Chambers |
| The Sphinx | Great Pyramid (built by Chephren), built from one rock and then more was added. |
| What does the Lion on the sphinx symbolize? | Might |
| What does the head on the sphinx symbolize? | Intelligence |
| What ended the Old Kingdom? | Lack or loss of power/ natural causes |
| Ruler: Sesostris III | 1870-1831 BC, Middle Kingdom |
| Bohan Fort- Details? | A fort built in mid-evil style, had multiple walls, and was along the nile |
| What covered all of the forts on the southern end of Egypt? | Dams |
| Where was the capital now? | Thebes |
| New Kingdom Summary | Thebes= capital, time of temples and monuments, built new cities, A female pharoah |
| Ruler: Hatsheput | 1473-1458- New Kingdom |
| How did Hatsheput come to power? | WIdow of Teknos II |
| Senmut | Architect (26 statues of Hatsheput) |
| Deir El Bahari | Hatsheput and Senmut built, built directly into a cliff, had lots of columns, open trade |
| Temple Luxor? | Giant columns, painted and different designs. (Post and Lindel) |
| Ruler: Amenhotep II | 1400 or so to 1353- New Kingdom |
| Define: Columns | Sun and winged asp. |
| Colonnade | Collection of columns in a row |
| Parts of a Columns | Capital (Top), Shaft ( Middle), Base (Bottom) also Lotus Bud (Open), Lotus Flower (closed), and fluted |
| Ruler: Amenhotep IV | 1352-1336- New Kingdom, changed name to Akhetaton |
| Monotheism | To Aton= light of the world |
| City planning at Akhetaten. Details. | Mostly destroyed, impatient with building, used bricks, people didn't like that he worshiped on god this was different from other pharoahs. |
| The new city was Precursor to ___________ Architecture | Roman |
| Ruler: Seit (y) I | 1294-1279 BC |
| Hypostyle Hall at Karnak | Military man built, responsible for getting a lot of money |
| Ruler: Ramses II or Ramessess II (The Great) | 1279-1212 BC |
| Abu Simbel- Ramesseum-Detail Attributes. | 2 temples, engineers cut blocks 200 feet into a mountain, Stands 60 feet tall, Were cut from scratch |
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