6 Written Questions

1. learning that was not demonstrated at the time that the learning occurred. Generally implies that there were no apparent rewards provided at the time of learning but at a later time the learning becomes observable because there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
2. occurs when people learn by watching others' responses and takes place even if others responses are not rewarded. It is the learning that occurs simply by watching and imitating others behaviors. (bandura)
3. the feeling of futility and passive resignation that results from inability to avoid repeated aversive events because the organism believes that behaviors are not related to consequences.
4. provides for reinforcement after a fixed number of behaviors demonstrated. (after ever 10 cars sold, a salesman receives a bonus)
5. learning involving an unpleasant or harmful unconditioned stimulus or reinforcer
6. learning that occurs when an active learner performs certain voluntary behavior and the consequences of the behavior (pleasant or unpleasant) determine the likelihood of its recurrence. (Skinner, Watson)

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. an aversive stimulus, which decreases the frequency of the immediately preceding response; an aversive consequence that follows a voluntary behavior thereby decreasing the probability that the behavior will be repeated.
   1. punishment
   2. insight
   3. extinction
   4. aversion
2. occurs when the conditioned stimulus, after being presented without the unconditioned stimulus, loses its predictive value. Eventually the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, a response is extinguished when it is non longer reinforced.
   1. extinction
   2. insight
   3. acquisition
   4. aversion
3. reinforcement given after a variable number of behaviors are exhibited. (slot machine)
   1. variable interval schedule
   2. variable ratio schedule
   3. fixed interval schedule
   4. fixed ratio schedule
4. a reinforcement is given after some period of time which is changeable. (pop quizzes reinforce for studying done regularly)
   1. fixed ratio schedule
   2. variable interval schedule
   3. fixed interval schedule
   4. variable ratio schedule
5. a sudden grasp of new relationships that are necessary to solve a problem and was not learned in the past. The sudden appearance of (often creative) or awareness of a solution to a problem.
   1. aversion
   2. punishment
   3. insight
   4. extinction
6. the stimulus that only after repeated pairings with the unconditioned stimulus causes a conditioned response that is similar to the unconditioned response
   1. punishment
   2. conditioned stimuli
   3. extinction
   4. fixed ratio schedule

5 True/False Questions

1. acquisition → learning involving an unpleasant or harmful unconditioned stimulus or reinforcer

   True        False

2. classical conditioning → learning that occurs when an active learner performs certain voluntary behavior and the consequences of the behavior (pleasant or unpleasant) determine the likelihood of its recurrence. (Skinner, Watson)

   True        False

3. fixed interval schedule → when reinforcement is applied within a set period of time (a paycheck which is given every week)

   True        False

4. stimulus generalization → occurs when an organism displays a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus.

   True        False

5. stimulus discrimination → occurs when an organism displays a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus.

   True        False