5 Written Questions

1. relatively low metabolic rates (aquatics have this)
   
   low adaptations to maximize exchange
2. what do parabronchi replace
3. what does the parabronchial lungs require
4. what are alveoli
5. what is the Bohr shift

5 Matching Questions

1. 4 O2 molecules
2. respiratory epithelia
   
   thin monolayer of cells
   
   highly vascularized
   
   lungs, gills, integuements
3. ram ventilation and ventilation of gills
4. 100%
5. small, low metabolic rates, large surface area:volume ratios, diffusion distances (less than or equal to) 1mm

1. a types of counter-current exchange system
2. b at what percentage of saturation does the hemoglobin bind to molecules
3. c large organisms tend to employ
4. d common features of animals w/out discrete respiratory systems
5. e how many molecules of O2 can bind to one hemoglon

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. water & blood flow in what direction in gas exchange
   1. opposite direction
   2. 4 O2 molecules
   3. viscosity of water
   4. ram ventilation
2. how is respiration controlled
   1. rotifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, porifera, nematoda
   2. uncoupling of circulatory & respiratory systems
      
      decrease in water loss (in open circulatory system)
   3. thin membranes (resp epithelia)
      
      large surface area
      
      wet membranes
   4. autonomic & coordinated w/ the cardiovascular system
      
      breathing centers
3. diffusion gradients (oxygen & carbon dioxide) are maintained by
   1. primarily diffusion
      
      lined with exoskeleton & shed via molting
   2. respiratory epithelia
      
      thin monolayer of cells
      
      highly vascularized
      
      lungs, gills, integuements
   3. trachea
      
      bronchi
      
      bronchioles
      
      alveoli
      
      ciliated epithelium
   4. circulatory system
      
      diffusion of gases down concentration gradients
      
      metabolic consumption
4. what are the mammalian lungs comprised of
   1. thin membranes (resp epithelia)
      
      large surface area
      
      wet membranes
   2. respiratory epithelia
      
      thin monolayer of cells
      
      highly vascularized
      
      lungs, gills, integuements
   3. reduce mass
      
      assist ventilation
      
      receive fresh or stale air
   4. trachea
      
      bronchi
      
      bronchioles
      
      alveoli
      
      ciliated epithelium
5. what kind of tissues are the bronchioles made of
   1. simple cuboidal (secretion)
   2. opposite direction
   3. a heme molecule
   4. ram ventilation

5 True/False Questions

1. viscosity of water → relatively low metabolic rates (aquatics have this)
   
   low adaptations to maximize exchange

   True        False

2. pseudostratified columnar → what kind of tissues are the trachea and bronchi made of

   True        False

3. cooperativity → hemoglobin exhibit the property of what

   True        False

4. medulla oblongata & pons → what are the 2 regions of the brainstem

   True        False

5. maximizes exchange (95% vs 50%) → what kind of tissues are the bronchioles made of

   True        False