AP Gov Chapters 15 & 16
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mass media | the entire array of organizations through which information is collected and disseminated to the general public |
| news media | media providing the public with new information about subjects of public interest |
| yellow journalism | a form of newspaper publishing in vogue in the late 19th C that featured pictures, comics, color, and sensationalized coverage |
| muckracking | a form of journalism, in vogue in the early 20th C, devoted to exposing misconduct by gov, business, and individual politicians |
| narrowcasting | targeting media programing at specific populations within society |
| citizen journalists | ordinary individuals who collect, report, and analyze news content |
| on the record | information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source |
| off the record | information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public |
| on background | information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to a named source |
| deep background | info provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source |
| content regulations | limitations on the substance of the mass media |
| equal time rule | requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any |
| press release | a document offering an official comment or position |
| press briefing | a relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press |
| press conference | an unrestricted session between an elected official and the press |
| media effects | the influence of news sources on public opinion |
| agenda setting | the process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by governement |
| framing | the process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about the issue |
| interest group | a collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy |
| pluralist theory | the theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups |
| disturbance theory | the theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system |
| transactions theory | the theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges among political actors |
| collective good | something of value that cannot be withheld from a non member of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment |
| population ecology theory | the theory that the formation of political organizations is conditional on the resources allocated to a given issue area |
| public interest group | an organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members |
| economic interest group | a group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members |
| earmark | funds that an appropriations bill designates for specific projects within a state or congressional district |
| political action committee (PAC) | officially registered fundraising organization that represents interest groups in the political process |
| lobbying | the activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group's position |
| patron | a person who finances a group or individual activity |
| free rider problem | potential members fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort |
| Honest Leadersip & Open Government Act of 2007 | lobbying reform banning gifts to members of congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector |
| Affiliates | Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network |
| Agenda Setting | The constant process of forming the list of issued to be addressed by government |
| Blog | Web-based journal entries that provide an editorial and news outlet for citizens |
| Broadcast Media | Television, radio, cable, and satellite services |
| Network | An association of broadcast stations (radio or TV) that share programming through a financial arrangement |
| NEW Media | Technologies, such as the Internet, that blur the line between media sources and create new oppertunities for the dissemination of news and other information |
| New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) | The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure |
| Print Media | Traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and journals |
| Wire Service | An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service's correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations |
| Civic Virtue | Tendancy to form small-scale associations for the public good |
| Lobbyist | Interest group representatives who seek to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political persuasion |
| Social Capital | Myriad relationships that individuals enjoy that facilitate the resolution of community problems through collective action |
| Trade Association | A group that represents a certain industry |
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