Campbell AP Biology Ch: 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Carpel | (kar´-pul) The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. |
| Conifer | Member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs. |
| Cotyledon | (kot´-uh-le´-dun) A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two. |
| Cross-Pollination | in angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species. |
| Dicots | A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade; species once classified as dicots are now grouped into eudicots, magnoliids, and several lineages of basal angiosperms. |
| Double Fertilization | A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm. |
| Eudicot | (yu-di'-kot) Member of a clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. |
| Filament | In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. |
| Flower | In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction. |
| Fossil | A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past. |
| Fruit | A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal. |
| Indeterminate Cleavage | A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. |
| Integument | (in-teg'-yu-ment) Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant. |
| Monocots | Member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon. |
| Ovary | (o´-vuh-re) (1) In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. (2) In animals, the structure that produces female gametes and reproductive hormones. |
| Ovule | (o´-vyul) A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte. |
| Petal | A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators. |
| Pollen Grains | In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall. |
| Pollination | (pol´-uh-na´-shun) The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization. |
| Radial Symmetry | Symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a left side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis. |
| Sepal | (se´-pul) A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens. |
| Stamen | (sta´-men) The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament. |
| Stigma | (plural, stigmata) The sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains. |
| Style | The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top. |
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