Honors Biology Cell structure and function
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Solute | the dissolved portion of a solution |
| facilitated diffusion | a type of passive transport in which a molecule or substance is transported across a selectively permeable membrane by means of a protein |
| exocytosis | the transport of substances out of a cell across a selectively permeable membrane |
| hypotonic | a solution concentration in which the concentration of solute is less than that of the cell |
| glycolipid | a molecule in which a carbohydrate chain is attached to a phospholipid |
| fkuid mosaic | the current model of a plasmamembrane |
| passive transport | a type of cell transport that does not require an expenditure of cellular energy in the form of ATP or other high energy molecules or atoms |
| isotonic | a solution concentrationin which the concentration of solute is equal to that of the cell |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| polar | a molecule that posesses unequal charges |
| osmoregulation | Regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism. |
| nonpolar | a molecule in which all atoms have the same electronegativity and the electron distribution is equal |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| tonicity | The ability of a solution to cause a cell within it to gain or lose water. |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| glycoprotein | A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it. |
| solvent | a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| concetration gradient | one area has higher concetration than another |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| signal transduction | the function of membrane proteins that allow proteins to have binding sites with specific shapes that fit chemical messengers; external messengers may cause a shape change in protein that relays a message to the inside of the cell, usually by binding to a cytoplasmic protein |
| hydrophobic | lacking affinity for water |
| hydrophilic | having a strong affinity for water |
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