Respiratory System
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Created by:
moomemoome on March 26, 2012
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Type: direct w/environment | protists, sponges, flatworms, annelids, nematods, simple diffusion through skin |
| Type: gills | increase surface area for gas exchange, molluscs, echinoderms, fish, countercurrent exchange |
| Tracheae | insects, chitin lined tubes w/spiracles on one end and moist tissue on other for diffusion of gases |
| Book lungs | spiders, stack of thin membranes which air diffuses |
| Lungs | cavity inside body for gas exchange, pleurae/pleural cavity--bag-like membrane that encloses lung |
| Complete v. Incomplete ventilations | complete involves separate passages for in-going and outgoing air, use air sacs and lungs, birds need it for high oxygen requirements |
| Trachea | tube lines w/c-shaped hyanline cartilage to hold it open |
| Bronchi, bronchioles | tubes leading to lungs, lined w/ciliated cells |
| Alveoli | grape-like clusters of air space at end of bronchioles |
| Lobes | left lung has two lobes, right has three b/c of heart |
| Diffusion into alveoli | simple diffusion across concentration gradient |
| Carbonic anhydrase | produced by alveoli, converst carbonic acid to CO2 so diffusion can occur |
| Respiratory pigment | hemoglobin (4 irons), horseshoe crabs use hemocyanin w/copper |
| CO2 Transport | most trasported as bicarbonate ion, causes slightly acidic blood |
| Control of respiration rate | controllled by pons and medulla; as CO2 increases, pH drops, alerting chemoreceptors that signal to breathe |
| Hyperventilation | occurs when body overreacts to high O2 level and over-constricts carotid artery |
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