American Government 4-7
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Created by:
brinckamd1 on March 26, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Federalism | a constitutional arrangement where power is divided between national and subnational governments |
| Unitary System | Constitutional arrangement where authority rests with the national government |
| Confederation | Constitutional arrangement where the national government is created by and relies on subnational governments |
| Home Rule | Power of local government to pass laws affecting local affairs (as long as they do not conflict with state or federal laws) |
| Intergovernmental Relations | Network of political, financial and administrative relationships between units of the federal, local and state governments |
| Laboratories of Democracy | State's ability to experiment and innovate in public policy |
| Laboratories of Democracy | Used as a defense of state experimentation with new solutions to social and economic problems |
| Enumerated Powers | Powers specifically mentioned in the constitution as belonging to the national government |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Grants Congress the power to enact any laws necessary for carrying out responsibilities delegated to it |
| Implied Powers | Powers not mentioned specifically in the constitution as belonging to congress |
| National Supremacy Clause | Declares the constitution and laws of the national government to be the "supreme law of the land" superior to the laws of states |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers exercised by both the national government and state governments |
| Reserved Powers | Powers not granted to the national government or specifically denied to states |
| Dual Federalism | Early concept of federalism in which national and state powers were clearly distinguished and functionally separate |
| Cooperative Federalism | Model of federalism in which national, state and local governments work together exercising a common policy responsibilities |
| Centralized Federalism | Model of federalism in which the national government assumes primary responsibility for determining national goals |
| New Federalism | Attempts to return power and responsibility to the states and reduce the role of the national government in domestic affairs |
| Representational Federalism | Assertion that no constitutional division of power exists between the nation and the states. State's role is to select the president and congress |
| Grants-In-Air | Payments of funds from the national government to state or local governments |
| Devolution | Passing down the responsibilities from the national government to the states |
| Preemption | Total or partial federal assumption of power in a particular field (restricts the authority of states) |
| Total Preemption | Federal government's assumption of all regulatory powers in a particular field |
| Partial Preemption | Federal government's assumption of some regulatory powers in particular field |
| Standard Partial Preemption | States are permitted to regulate activities already regulated by the federal government if the state standards are at least as stringent as the federal government's |
| Mandate | Perception of popular support for a program or policy based on the margin of electoral victory won by a candidate who proposed it during a campaign |
| Unfunded Mandates | Mandates that impose costs on state and local governments without reimbursement from the federal government |
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