ch. 9 anatomical terms
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenal glands, suprarenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the adrenal cortex secretes the steroid hormones, and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| steroid hormones | regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt nd water balance; have some effect on sexual character |
| glucocorticoids | steroid hormone |
| mineral corticosteroids | steroid hormone |
| androgens | male steroid hormone |
| epinephrine, norepinephrine | affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
| ovaries | located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis, secreting estrogen and progesterone |
| estrogen, progesterone | responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction |
| pancreas (islets of Langerhans) | located behind the stomach and in front of the first and second lumbur vertebrae, secreting insulin and glucagons |
| insulin, glucagons | regulate carbohydrate and sugar metabolism |
| parathyroid glands | two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the net, secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
| pineal gland | located in the center of the brain, secreting melatonin and serotonin |
| melatonin | exact function unknown; affects onset of puberty |
| serotonin | a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin |
| pituitary gland | located a the base of the brain; the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating-hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin; the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
| anterior pituitary | adenohypophysis |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates secretion from thyroid gland |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | causes ovulation; stimulates secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum; causes secretion of testosterone in testes |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | affects skin pigmentation |
| growth hormone (GH) | influences growth |
| prolactin (lactogenic hormone) | stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy |
| posterior pituitary | neurohypophysis |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
| oxytocin | influences uterine contraction |
| testes | located on both sides within the scrotum int he male, secreting testosterone |
| testosterone | affects masculinization and reproduction |
| thymosin | regulates immune response |
| thyroid gland | located in front of neck, secreting triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin |
| triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) | regulate metabolism |
| calcitonin | regulates calcium and phosphorus in metabolism |
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