Chapter 8..
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Created by:
smashley22 on March 26, 2012
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 accommodation | adjustment |
| aqueous humor | liquid that flows through the anterior and posterior eye chambers in the space between the cornea and the lens |
| astigmatism | condition in which the eye cannot bring horizontal and vertical lines into focus at the same time, causing blurry vision, as a result of irregularities in the curvature of the cornea and lens |
| auricle | flap of cartilage and skin that comprises the outer ear; external ear, pinna |
| cochlea | snail-shaped organ of the inner ear; the essential organ of hearing |
| cones | specialized neurons concentrated in the retina's center that receive color, add visual acuity, and require a significant amount of light to function |
| conjunctiva | transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior eye |
| cornea | the transparent front covering of the eye, easily scratched |
| eustachian tube | the passage from the throat to the middle ear |
| gustation | sense of taste |
| hyperopia | condition in which light rays focus behind the retina; farsightedness |
| incus | the "anvil," one of three tiny bones within the middle ear which are set in motion by sound waves |
| iris | pigmented section over the front of the eyeball that gives the eye its color |
| labyrinth | the inner ear, including the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals |
| lacrimal glands | tear ducts |
| lens | a transparent, crystalline eye structure that converges or scatters light rays before they focus as images on the retina |
| malleus | the "hammer," one of three tiny bones within the middle ear which are set in motion by sound waves |
| membranes labyrinth | set of tunnels and chambers in the inner ear |
| myopia | nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina |
| olfaction | sense of smell |
| optic disk | eye region that is not light sensitive |
| organ of corti | small but intricate organ in the inner ear where the transmission of nerve stimuli begins |
| ossicle | collectively, the three tiny bones in the middle ear (the malleus, incus, and the stapes) which are set in motion by sound waves |
| pinna | external ear; auricle |
| presbycusis | hearing loss that occurs with aging |
| presbyopia | farsightedness that occurs with aging |
| proprioception | the sensation of body position in space |
| ptosis | drooping or sagging of eyelid |
| pupil | black center of the eye that regulates the amount of light that enters it |
| retina | the innermost tunic of the eyeball that contains rods and cones and is the origin of the optic nerve. Light rays focus at the retina in normal vision |
| rods | specialized neurons dispersed throughout the retina, suited to dim light and especially useful in night vision |
| sclera | outer coating of the eyeball, white of the eye |
| semicircular canal | section of the inner ear that contains hairlike nerve endings that respond to movement and control the sense of balance |
| stapes | the "stirrup," one of three tiny bones within the middle ear which are set in motion by sound waves |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum, vibrates as sound waves hit it; transmits the vibrations to the ossicles |
| vertigo | sensation of rotation or movement of self or surroundings |
| vitreous humor | a transparent, gelatin-like material that fills the space behind the lens of the eye |
| optic disk | area of the retina that lacks photoreceptors |
| choroid | heavily pigmented layer that prevents light scattering within the eye |
| ciliary body | contains muscle that controls the shape of the lens |
| pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane | structures composing the outer ear |
| cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule | structures composing the bony or osseous labyrinth |
| pharyngotympanic tube | allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with the atmospheric pressure |
| semicircular canals, vestibule | contain receptors for the sense of equilibrium |
| oval window | transmits the vibrations from the stirrup to the fluid in the inner ear |
| ciliary muscle | structure that alters the shape of the lens for accomodation |
| fovea centralis | depressed are in the retina that is the point of clearest vision |
| endolymph | fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear |
| perilymph | fluid in the inner ear contained within the bony labyrinth surrounding the membranous labyrinth |
| static equilibrium | sense of knowing the position of the head in relation to gravity |
| cochlear nerve | branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries hearing impulses |
| optic nerve | nerve that carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain |
| opthalmic nerve | branch of the fifth cranial nerve that carries impulses of pain, touch, and temperature from the eye to the brain |
| oculomotor nerve | largest of the three cranial nerves that carry motor fibers to the eyeball muscles |
| kinesthsia | sense of body movement |
| free nerve ending | receptors that detect changes in temperature |
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