Mun CH8 CH9 Test
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Created by:
blancalaura on March 26, 2012
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109 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Factors for Industrial Revolution | agricultural revolution and crop rotation, extensive natural resources, large population of workers, expanding economy, Britain's political resources, inventions, improvements in transformation, water transformation, road transformation, railroads, |
| Enclosure | Fields that were surrounded by hedges or fences. These fields were then cultivated and used to experiment and try and boost a higher crop yield. |
| Crop Rotation | Developed by the scientific farmer with the idea that a farmer can rotate the crops planted in certian fields each year to make sure they're replenishing the nutriens of that field. |
| Steam Boat | In 1807, Robert Fulton used steam power to create the first steamboat, he ordered a steam engine from watt and boulton. |
| Industrial Revolution | greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century. |
| industrialization | the process of developing machine production of goods |
| factors of production | Resources needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required. |
| agricultural changes | what paved the way for the industrial revolution? |
| Jethro Tull | one of the first scientific farmers invented the seed drill that helped to boost crop yields |
| Robert Bakewell | Increased his mutton output by only allowing his best sheep to breed |
| Britain's Advantages | large population of workers, extensive natural resources: 1)water power and coal to fuel new machines, 2) iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings, 3) rivers for inland transportation, 4) harbors from which its merchant ships set sail. |
| Factories | large building that housed machines |
| Entrepreneur | a person who manages and takes on the risks of a business |
| John Key | invented the flying shuttle that doubled the ammount if work a weaver could do in a day |
| James Hargreaves | invented the spinning jenny which was a spinning wheel that allowed a spinner to work up to 8 threads at a time |
| Richard Arkwright | invented the water frame which helped to power the spinning wheels |
| Edmund Carrtwright | invented a power loom which speed up weaving |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin and helped american cotton production |
| James Watt | figured out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficient |
| John McAdams | Scottish engineer who made roads more efficent and easier to travel on |
| Yorkshire to Stockton | world's first railroad line run from ____ for 27 miles Stephenson opened it in 1825 |
| 24 mph | How fast could the original Rocket travel? |
| Turnpikes | name that was given to the new roads where you had to pay a toll to use |
| Claremont | boat that ferried passengers up and down the NY Hudson river |
| Samuel Crompton | invented the spinning mule |
| Cyrus McCormick | built the reaper that boosted American wheat production |
| Mathew Boulton | entrepreneur that paid James Watt's salary so that he could build better engines |
| Liverpool-Machester Railroad | Railroad line opened officially in 1830 in Great Britian |
| Better Pay | Why did people leave the farms to work in the factories? |
| Leeds and Manchester | 2 English cities that dominated textile manufacturing |
| 17 more years | average lifespan of people in the city compared to people in rural areas |
| Coal mines | Job with the most dangerous conditions |
| Irwell River | English river that was polluted by waste and dyes from its' cities |
| British | In 1812 tried to and stop America from engaging in International Trade |
| Civil War | changed the US from primarily agricultural |
| Lowell, Massachusetts | Became a booming manufacturing center and model for future towns |
| Chicago and Minneapolis | expanded due to their location along the railroad lines |
| Spain | Lacked the good roads and waterways for canals and transportation |
| Ruhr | name of the coal rich valley in Germany |
| France | avoided the great social and economical problems caused by industrialization |
| Austria-Hungary | had mountains that defeated the building of railroads |
| 1888 | year that slave population of Brazil finally gained their freedom |
| Bourgeoise | another name for the employers, or the "haves" |
| mulattos | person mixed european and african ancestry |
| creoles | spaniards born in Latin America, travled to europe for education and then brought ideas of revolution to Latin America. |
| Toussaint L'oureture | lead revolt in haiti |
| peninsulares | people born in Spain |
| San Martin | great liberator in South America Independence Wars but was simple and modest. Liberated Argentina, Chile and Peru. |
| Simon Bolivar | wealthy venezuelan croele, great liberator in South American Independence Wars |
| dessalines | toussaints lieutenant, took up fight for freedom |
| Morelos | led revolution for 4 years after hidalgo had led indians and metizos to revolution |
| American and French Revolution | encouraged Latin America to pursue freedom |
| Haiti | also called saint doming was the first black colony to free itself from europe |
| the battle of ayacucho | last major battle in the war of independence |
| french agreed to abolish slavery | Why did L'ouvature halt the revolution in haiti? |
| Ecuador | country that San Martin and Bolivar finally met to decide the future of the Latin American revolutonary movement. |
| Mountainous land | haiti means in arawak |
| Venzuela | declared independence from spain in 1811 |
| Battle of Navarino | battle that combined forces of the french, russian, and britain armies defeat the ottoman navy |
| Liberals and Radicals | 2 main groups that believed in nationalism |
| Prince Metternich | resigned bc of liberal uprisings that broke out in the austrian empire |
| The Balkans | rebelled against the ottomans in 1821 |
| Victor Emmanual II | became prime minister of italy in 1852 |
| Germany and Austria | fought in the 7 weeks war |
| Bismark | spilt the austrian empire in half |
| Catholic | most southern German states religion |
| Bram Stoker | wrote dracula |
| Lord Byron | famous poet fought for Greece's independence |
| Honore de Balzac | wrote the human comedies |
| London | english that city depicted most of Dickens work |
| Austrian Empire | empire that dominated the german confederation |
| Louis Napoleon | nephew of napoleon bonaparte, won the french presidential election in 1848, and named himself emperor Napoleon II in 1852 |
| Hidalgo | took first step for independence in mexico |
| mestizo | mixed with european and indian ancestry |
| conservative | wealthy property owners and nobility, argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of europe |
| liberal | middle class business leaders and merchants, wanted to give more power to elected parliaments but only wealthy educated landowners would vote |
| Radical | favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people believed gov should practice ideals from the french revolution: liberty, equality, and brotherhood |
| Nationalism | the belief that peoples greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share common culture and history |
| nation-state | what a nation is known as when it becomes independent |
| Balkans | region that included all of greece, albania, bulgaria, romania, turkey, and yugoslavia and controlled by the ottoman empire |
| Russification | the forcing of russian culture on all ethnic groups in the russian empire |
| Realpolitik | the politics of reality-used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism |
| Junkers | strongly conservative members of Prussia's wealthy landowning class |
| Romanticism | a movement that reflected deep interest both in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual |
| Realism | how visual arts tried to show life as it was |
| Impressionism | started by artist painting their impression of a subject or monument |
| Dickens | created unforgettable characters and scenes of London's working poor |
| Zola | novels exposed miseries of the french workers in small shops, factories, and coal mines |
| Talbot | invented a light-sensitive paper that he used to produce photographic negatives |
| Beethoven | greatest composer that lead the way into the romantic period, work evolved from classical music during the enlightenment |
| Victor Hugo | lead french romantics, work reflected the romantic fasination with history and the individual |
| Lord Byron | fought with greek nationalist for greece's freedom |
| Wilhelm | succeeded frederick william in prusia |
| Bismark | realpolitik wilhelm's prime minister, declared he would rule without the consent of of the parliament and without a legal budget, formed alliance between austria and prusia |
| Garibaldi | led a small group of italian nationalist and captured sicily |
| Cavour | prime minister to Sardinias king, Victor Emmanuel II |
| Alexander II | decided to move russia toward modernization and social change |
| Revolts in spanish colonies | Napoleons conquest of spain in 1808 triggered _____________ because many felt no loyalty to the king imposed by the french |
| 1810 | In ____ rebellion broke out in several parts of latin america |
| 1814 | in _____ with the defeat of napoleon, king Ferdinand VII returned to spain, but the drive for independence had already begun in latin America. |
| 1821 | Venezuela declared its independence from spain in 1811 but thanks to Bolivar independence was achieved in 1821 |
| Slater | built a spinning machine from memory in the usa |
| Moses Brown | opened first us factory to house slaters machines. |
| Lowell | in 1813, invested and revolutionized american textile industry |
| corporation | business owned by stockholders who share its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts such as standard oil founded by John D. Rockefeller |
| Belgium | Like in the usa a british design was smuggled into the country starting the movement |
| Germany | copied british model and built many railroads |
| seven weeks war | war between austria and Prussia, purposely caused by Bismarck, Prussians had a smashing victory |
| the balkans | Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia |
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