| Term | Definition |
|---|
| embryology | the study of prenatal development |
| histology | study of composition & function of tissues |
| Pre implantation period | fertilization- 1st week |
| Embryonic Period | 2-8 weeks |
| Fetal period | 9-36 wks |
| embryonic period | blastocyst---disc---embryo. ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| morula | mass of slightly differenciated cells |
| blastula/ blastocyst | what implants in the uterus 1 week after fertilization |
| extra chromosome on # 21 | down syndrome |
| trophoblast layer | prenatal support tissues |
| embryoblast layer | inner mass of embryonic cells |
| teratogens | infections, drugs, chemicals, radiation |
| induction | interaction between cells |
| interstitial growth | deep within tissues (soft tissues)=growth |
| appostitional growth | growth of layers on outside (hard tissues) |
| cytodifferentiation | different cell types |
| histodifferentiation | different tissues |
| morphodifferentiation | different forms |
| morphogenesis | changing of tissues due to cell migration and inductive interactions |
| epiblast layer | faces amniotic cavity made of columnar cells |
| hypoblast layer | faces yolk sac made of cuboidal cells |
| primitive streak | forms due to proliferation of cells in midline of bilaminar disk- 3rd week |
| mesoderm/ mesenchyme | third layer forms ct: fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts |
| trilaminar disk | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| ectoderm | epidermis, brain, spinal cord, emamel, lining of oral and nasal cavity |
| mesoderm | muscle, skeleton, ct, bv, lymph system, kidneys |
| endoderm | epithelial linings of respitory & digestive tract |
| cephalic end | head |
| caudal end | tail |
| oropharyngeal membrane | future primitive mouth, formed by ecto/endo |
| cloacal membrane | future terminal end of digesitve tract: ecto/ endo |
| neural plate | formed by neuroectoderm forms spinal cord |
| branchial arches | develop face and neck |
| somite cells | come from mesoderm, become skeletal structures of head and neck |
| dysplasia | abnormal tissue development |
| anodontia | absence of teeth |
| stomodeum | primimitive mouth- 3rd wk |
| face/ mouth starts to form | 3rd week |
| buccopharyngeal membrane | same as oropharangeal ruptures around 4th week |
| frontal process | located above the stomodeum in the 4th week |
| 1st branchial arch | located below the stomodeum |
| 1st arch | mandibular processes |
| 2 mandibular processes form________ | lower part of cheeks, lower lip, lower jaw, part of tongue |
| maxillary processe | upper part of cheeks, upper lip, most of palate |
| frontal process | forehead and nose |
| 4 branchial arches appear below the first during______ | 4-7th week |
| branchial grooves | grooves within pharynx that separate arches |
| branchial arches | bars of tissue that bend around sides of pharynx |
| branchial grooves develop | 5th week |
| 1st arch | mandibular arch |
| mandibular arch | mandible and muscles of masticationn, nerves and bv |
| 2nd arch | hyoid arch |
| hyoid arch | facial muscles, bv, and hyoid bone |
| 3rd,4th,5th arches | no name |
| 3rd,4th,5th arches | paired r and l bars divided befoe they reach midline by buldging heart |
| 1st arch covered by________ | ectoderm |
| endoderm | 2nd-5th arches covered by________ |
| maxilla and mandible | 1st branchial arch (forms) |
| 2nd and 5th branchial arches | neck (formed by) |
| Rathke's pouch | small invagination in roof of stomodeum |
| Rathke's pouch | anterior lobe of pitutiary gland |
| 4th -8th week= | fetal period |
| heart begins beating | 4th week |
| mandibular symphysis | fusion of r and l mandibular processes |
| cleft chin | fusion failure of mandibular symphysis |
| Meckel's cartilage | only found in the first brachial arch |
| Meckel's cartilage | mandibile by intermembranous ossification |
| congenital lip pits | dimples in the labial commissures where mx and md fused |
| fordyce spots | sebacceous glads in adult oral mucossa along sides of cheeks |
| cleft lip | failure of median nasal process to merge with globular process |
| cleft lip | boys, left |
| face develops | 4th and 7th week |
| frontal nasal process | forehead and nose during the 4th week |
| nasal placodes | develop from the frontal nasal process and contain olfactory cells |
| bilateral nasal processes | become the sides of nose |
| medial and nasal processes | form the bridge of nose nostrils and globular process |
| globular process | formed by the medial and nasal processes |
| lens placodes | develop on either side of frontonasal process- future eyes |
| otic placodes form | internal ears and related tissues |
| development of the neck | begins duing the 4th week |
| pharyngeal pouches | deep to the brachial arches |
| 1st pouch | forms external auditory canal, tempanic membrane, middle ear, auditiory tube |
| 2nd pouch | forms the palatine tonsils |
| 3rd and 4th pouch | form parathyroid gland, thymus gland |
| 5th pouch | non functional |
| hyoid arch | Reicherts cartilage (location) |
| Reicherts cartilage | forms middle ear bone, process of temporal bone, parts of hyoid bone and ligaments of hyoid bone |
| 3rd branchial arch | responsible for the formation of parts of hyoid bone |
| branchial cysts and fistulas | form along sides of neck due to overgrown arches |
| tongue develops | near 4th week (organ develops) |
| most malformations occure | during the 1st trimester |
| 3rd week | trilaminar embryonic disk forms (time) |
| 3rd week | cns begins to develop (time) |
| 4th week | embryonic folding into and embryo (time) |
| 4th week | foregut, midgut, hindgut forms (time) |
| fetal period | maturation period |
| embryonic period | induction, growth, differntiation, (time) |
| 6 days | implantation occures (time) |
| 5 days | blastocyst forms (time) |
| 4th week | primitive mouth forms |
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