Unit 5 - Imperialism and Nationalism
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ShantaeCarroll on March 27, 2012
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Henry Stanley | British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David Livingstone. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State. |
| Cecil Rhodes | British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa |
| Matthew Perry | Commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa |
| Otto von bismarck | German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898) |
| Camillo cavour | The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state |
| Mafia | any tightly knit group of trusted associates |
| Benito juarez | Mexican national hero; brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico |
| Abdul hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 |
| David livingston | A well known explorer and missionary of Africa for over 30 years. He wrote about Africa with more sympathy and less bias than most writers of his time. |
| king leopold ll | Utilized the Congo river for European trade and used forced labor to gather crops |
| Dowager empress | a widow who holds a title from her husband, an elderly woman of society |
| Kaiser Wilhelm 1 | emperor if the united Germany, allowed Bis mark to make decisions |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882) |
| Alexander 1 | Russian czar, eased censorship and promoted education but feared losing nobles |
| Portafino Diaz | an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N. Méndez as interim president, and a four-year term served by his political ally Manuel González from 1880 to 1884. Commonly considered by historians to have been a dictator, he is a controversial figure in Mexican history. |
| Rudyard kipling | English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936) |
| Queen Victoria | queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901) |
| Giuseppe mazzini | Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872) |
| Victor emmanuel 2 | Crowned king of united Italy in 1861 |
| alexander 3 | son of Alex 2, increased use of secret police, censorship, exiles to Siberia, Russification to suppress non-Russians, progroms |
| sun yat sen | Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms. |
| menelik 2 | ruler who modernized ethiopia and also imported modern weapons to ethiopia |
| Mahmud 3 | reform minded/ created a new administration/ army |
| Militarism | a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests |
| racism | discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race |
| social darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. |
| sphere of influence | the geographical area in which one nation is very influential |
| annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation |
| panama canal | a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914) |
| scramble for africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. (p. 731) |
| boer wars | Wars between the Dutch and British in Africa. A sort of cold war between the two powers. The Dutch wanted slavery but the English didn't |
| nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| imperialism | any instance of aggressive extension of authority |
| assimilation | the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure |
| paternalism | the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good |
| indirect rule | colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status |
| partition | the act of dividing or partitioning |
| opium wars | war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges |
| afrikaner | a white native of Cape Province who is a descendant of Dutch settlers and who speaks Afrikaans |
| meiji restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. |
| national sovereignty | a nation's right to establish its own form of government and laws without external influence |
| white man's burden | idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized |
| anti semitism | prejudice against Jews |
| protectorate | a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs |
| extraterritoriality | Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation. |
| suez canal | a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea |
| berlin conference of 1885 | Meeting in Berlin, called by Bismarck to regulate European colonization of Africa - called for "effective occupation" to claim territory. Led to the scramble for Africa. Recognized Leopold's claim to Congo. |
| zulu | a Bantu language of considerable literary importance in southeastern Africa |
| russo japanese war | Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so. |
| sepoy rebellion | The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. |
| muslim league | organization formed by muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British Rule. |
| red shirts | Garibaldi's army of 1000 red-shirted volunteers |
| franco prussian war | Set up by Otto Von Bismarck, war was declared July 19, 1870. In January 1871, Palace of Versailles was captured and Wilhelm I was named Kaiser. This empire was called the Second Reich. |
| taiping rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. |
| Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 |
| indian national congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. (p. 663) |
| realpolitik | politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations |
| autocracy | a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual |
| boxer rebellion | A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. |
| nation state | A country who's population share a common identity. |
| blood and iron | policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany |
| Qing dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries |
| crimean war | a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia |
| Emancipation of serfs | Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land. |
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