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respiration gas exchange/breathing; the exchange of O2 and CO2 between organism and its environment cellular respiration Function: ATP aerobic with oxygen anaerobic without oxygen oxidation loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction reduction gain of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction glycolysis multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose; 1st stage of cellular respiration citic acid/Krebs cycle completes breakdown of glucose; 2nd stage of cellular respiration Electron transport chain transports electrons from carriers to make ATP oxidative phosphorylation production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reaction of an electron transport chain substrate-level phosphorylation formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the 1st protein complex, preventing electrons from passinf to the next carrier molecule; often use to kill pest insects and fish oligomycin blocks passage of H+ through ATP synthase cyanide and carbon monoxide bind with an electron carrier in the 3rd protein complex, blocking the passage of electrons to oxygen DNP increase in metabolic rate lactic acid fermentation the conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of CO2 alcohol fermentation conversion of the acid produced by glycolysis to CO2 and ethyl alcohol cytoplasm cellular respiration WHERE? glucose cellular respiration REACTANTS? 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 H2O cellular respiration PRODUCTS? mitochondrial matrix Krebs WHERE? derivative of pyruvate Krebs REACTANTS? 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 NADH (shuttle), 6 CO2 Krebs PRODUCTS? inner mitochondrial membrane electron transport chain WHERE? O2 electron transport chain REACTANTS? H20, ATP electron transport chain PRODUCTS?