Progressivism
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Carry Nation | was a radical member of the temperance movement, which opposed alcohol in pre-Prohibition America. She is particularly noteworthy for promoting her viewpoint through vandalism. On many occasions Nation would enter an alcohol-serving establishment and attack the bar with a hatchet. |
| Charlotte Perkins Gilman | was a prominent American sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform. She was a utopian feminist during a time when her accomplishments were exceptional for women, and she served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | American social activist abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the United States. |
| Carrie Chapman Cat | was a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women. |
| Susan B. Anthony | was a leader who is best remembered for her advocacy for women's voting rights and as a founder of the Suffrage movement. She was also active in the Temperance and Abolitionist movements. |
| Victoria Woodhull | was an American leader of the woman's suffrage movement.Woodhull was an advocate of free love. She and her sister were the first women to operate a brokerage in Wall Street. She was the first woman to start a weekly newspaper; an activist for women's rights and labor reforms. In 1872, she was the first woman candidate for President of the United States. |
| Jacob Coxey | He twice led Coxey's Army in 1894 and 1914, consisting of a group of unemployed men that he led on marches from Massillon, Ohio to Washington, D.C. to present a "Petition in Boots" demanding that the United States Congress allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed. Although his march failed, Coxey's Army was an early attempt to arouse political interest in an issue that grew in importance until the Social Security Act of 1935 encouraged the establishment of state unemployment insurance programs. |
| Mary Elizabeth Lease | She was an advocate of the suffrage movement as well as temperance but she was best known for her work with the Populist party. |
| Tom Watson | An U.S. journalist, legislator, and a southern alliance leader from Georgia, he urged southern farmers to recognize their common plight and act together. He was also the Populist party's presidential candidate in 1904 and 1908, served as a senator from 1921 to 1922, and edited The Weekly Jeffersonian, a populist magazine. |
| James B. Weaver | Union general and a presidential canidate for the Greenback Party in 1880, this man was the first president for the populist part in 1892. He ran under the popular platform of nationalizing the railroads, as well as all forms of communication. He also supported the sub-treasury system, and unlimited silver coinage. Industrial workers attempted to be attracted to the ticket with reforms such as an eight-hour work day and the restrictions on immigration. The party also held ideas of a graduated income tax, as well as postal savings bank to protect depositors to used small, farm based banks. He himself was not an appealing candidate, and lost easily, although attracting 22 electoral votes |
| Henry Demarest Lloyd | exposed the corruption of the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company with his book Wealth Against Commonwealth |
| S.S. McClure | muckraker who attacked big businesses. His editorials (on big businesses, conditions of cities and the character of the people/country) provoked much comment and new trends in investigating journalism and encouraged progressives |
| Ray Standard Baker | In 1908, (in response to Plessy v Fergeson and Jim Crow) he wrote the book Following the Color Line, becoming the first prominent journalist to examine America's racial divide. It was extremely successful. He would continue that work with numerous articles in the following decade. |
| Frank Norris | Muckraker during the Progressive Era; wrote "The Octopus" (1901) that described the power of the railroads over Western farmers which caused Congress to finally act in favour of the farmers |
| David G. Phillips | the author of the Cosmopolitan series entitled "The Treason of the Senate." In 1906, he charged that 75 of 90 senators did not represent the people at all but rather railroads and trusts |
| Jacob Riis | Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. |
| John Spargo | The Bitter Cry of the Children,Journalist and novelist, he wrote of the unfair treatment of children used as child labor. Stressed better education, better schools and teachers. A muckraker novel. |
| Lincoln Steffens | United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities. |
| Ida Tarbell | Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power |
| Thorstein Veblen | economist, wrote Theory of the Leisure Class, condemned conspicuous consumerism, where status is displayed and conveyed through consumption. |
| Eugene V. Debs | He was the president and the organizer of the American Railway Union. He organized the Pullman Strike and helped organized the Social Democratic party. |
| Edward Bellamy | Wrote Looking Backwards, critical of social Darwinism. It sold over a million copies in its first few years. It described a utopian society where all economic activity was carefully planned. He believed all citizens should share everything equally. |
| Henry George | He was a journalist-author and an original thinker. he saw poverty at its worst in India and wrote the classic Progress and Poverty. this book in 1879 broke into the best-seller lists. he believed that the pressure of a growing population with a fixed supply of land pushed up property values. |
| Robert M. LaFollette | governor of Wisconsin; "Fighting Bob"; most militant of the progressive Republican leaders; wrestled control from railroad and lumber industries; regulated public utilities; elected 1901 |
| Louis D. Brandeis | First Jewish Supreme Court judge nominated by Wilson. Showed that Wilson was a progressive man. |
| W.E.B. Dubois | He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. He also helped found the NAACP. |
| Booker T. Washington | Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery." |
| Victor L. Berger | Austrian born Socialist representative, who was elected from Milwaukee, but was denied his seat in 1919 during a wave of anti-red hysteria. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War |
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