Chapter 12 Gastrointestinal System Anatomical Terms
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 oral cavity, mouth | cavity that receives food for digestion |
| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, submadibular (submaxillary) and sublingual glands |
| cheeks | lateral walls of the mouth |
| palate | structure that forms the roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate |
| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate |
| tongue | muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and held down by a bandlike membrane known as the frenulum |
| gums | tissue covering the processes of the jaws |
| teeth | hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food |
| pharynx | throat: passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx |
| esophagus | muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| cardiac sphincter | opening from th esophagus to the stomach (sphincter = band) |
| pyloric sphincter | opening from the stomach into the duodenum |
| small intestine | tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine |
| ileum | third portion of the small intestine |
| large intestine | large tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| vermiform appendix | wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help resist infection (vermi = worm) |
| colon | portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum, identified by direction or shape |
| ascending colon | portion of colon that extends upward from the cecum |
| transverse colon | portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum |
| descending colon | portion of colon that extends down from the transverse colon |
| sigmoid colon | portion of colon (resembling an S) that terminates that the rectum |
| rectum | distal (end) portion of the large intestine |
| rectal ampulla | dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal |
| anus | opening of the rectum to the outside of the body |
| feces | waste formed by absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid |
| defecation | evacuation of feces from the rectum |
| peritoneum | membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity, consisting of the parietal later (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen) |
| peritoneal cavity | space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum |
| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs |
| liver | organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion |
| gallbladder | receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver |
| pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food |
| biliary ducts | ducts that convey bile, include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts |
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