Criminology Ch. 8: Critical Criminology
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Critical Criminology's Aim | To identify "real" crimes in US society |
| Critical Criminology | 1. It seeks to evaluate how criminal law is used as a mechanism of social control 2. It describes how power relations create inequities in US society 3. It is concerned with the conservative control over US domestic and foreign policy |
| According to Critical Criminology, crime is defined by... | Those who hold power |
| Origin of Critical Criminology | Began during the social upheaval of the 1960s |
| Critical Criminology is critical of | Positivist Criminology |
| How Critical Criminologists Define Crime | A political concept designed to protect the power and position of the upper classes at the expense of the poor |
| According to Critical Criminologists, to control crime... | A society must remove the social conditions that promote crime |
| According to Critical Criminologists, the cause of crime is.... | The key crime-producing element of modern corporate capitalism is the effort to increase surplus value |
| Globalization | The process of creating a global economy through transnational markets and political and legal systems |
| Instrumental Theory | 1. Sees criminal law and the criminal just system as capitalist instruments for controlling the lower class 2. Enables the powerful to impose their morality of standards of behavior on the entire society |
| Structural Theory | Based on the belief that criminal law and the criminal justice system are means of defending and preserving the capitalist system |
| Critique of Critical Criminology | 1. Neglects the capitalist system's effort to regulate itself 2. Fails to address conflicts in socialist countries 3. Fails to explain why some highly capitalist countries have low crime rates |
| Emerging forms of Critical Criminology | 1. Left Realism 2. Peacemaking Criminology 3. Critical Feminist Theory and Power-Control Theory |
| Left Realism | Approach that sees crime as a function of relative deprivation under capitalism and favors pragmatic, community-based crime prevention and control - Represents a compromise between conflict and traditional criminology |
| Critical Feminist Theory | Approach that explains both victimization and criminality among women in terms of gender inequality, patriarchy, and the exploitation of women under capitalism - Explains gender bias, violence against women, and repression |
| Power-Control Theory | The view that gender differences in crime are a function of economic power and parental control - Girls are controlled more closely than boys in traditional male-dominated households and there is gender equity in contemporary egalitarian homes |
| Peacemaking Criminology | Approach that considers punitive crime control strategies to be counterproductive and favors the use of humanistic conflict resolution to prevent and control crime - Offers a new approach to crime control through mediation |
| Critical Theory and Public Policy | 1. Seek to reduce conflict and competition in society 2. Reduce harsh punishment of offenders |
| Restorative Justice | Using humanistic, non-punitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmpmy |
| Principles of Restorative Justice | 1. Crime is an offense against human relationships 2. Victims and the community are central to justice processes 3. The first priority of justice processes is to assist victims 4. The second priority is to restore the community 5. The offender has personal responsibility to the victims and the community 6. The offender will develop improved competency and understanding |
| Restoration Programs | 1. Negotiation 2. Mediation 3. Consensus building 4. Peacemaking 5. Sentencing circles 6. Sentencing panels |
| Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) | The justice system should give equal weight to offender accountability, competency development, and community protection |
| Concerns about Restorative Justice | 1. Is it a political movement or treatment process? 2. Must be wary of cultural and social differences 3. No single definition 4. Must balance the needs of the offenders with those of the victims 5. Benefits may only be short-term |
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