1.
anaphase: sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell my the spindle fibers
2.
anchorage dependence: The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum.
3.
aster: a radial array of short microtubules extending from each centrosome
4.
benign tumor: A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin.
5.
Binary Fission: Cell Division in bacteria, does not involve mitosis
6.
cell cycle control system: A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.
7.
cell division: The reproduction of cells by one cell splitting to form multiple identical daughter cells.
8.
cell plate: A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.
9.
centromere: the centralized point where sister chromatids are most closely attached.
10.
centrosome: a subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules
11.
checkpoint: a control point in the cell cycle at which stop and go signals can be used to regulate the cell cycle
12.
chromatin: A complex of DNA and associated protein molecules that make up DNA
13.
chromosomes: A cellular structure containing genetic material
14.
cleavage: splitting
15.
cleavage furrow: a shallow groove in the cell surface near the metaphase plate where cleavage can first be noted
16.
cyclin: one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
17.
cyclin-dependent kinases: enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle.
18.
cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells, right after mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II
19.
density-dependant inhibition: a phenomenon in which cells that become too crowded stop dividing
20.
G0 phase: a non-dividing stage in which cells are in if they have not been initiated to begin cell division
21.
G1 phase: preliminary growth of cells in interphase
22.
G2 phase: further cell growth after chromosomal synthesis during interphase.
23.
gametes: Reproductive cells-Sperm and Eggs
24.
genome: A cell's endowment of DNA
25.
growth factor protein: protein that initiates cell division
26.
kinetochore: A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
27.
malignant tumor: A cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs.
28.
meiosis: A type of cell division that has two "rounds" which has an end product of four haploid gametes.
29.
metaphase: chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the chromosomes
30.
metaphase plate: the imaginary line down the center of a cell on which chromosome line up during metaphase
31.
metastasis: the spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
32.
mitiotic spindle: an assembly of microtubles that is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division
33.
Mitosis: The divison of the nucleus of a cell to form two new, yet identical, daughter cells
34.
mitotic phase: The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
35.
Omnis cellula e cellule: Every cell from a cell-latin
36.
origin of replication: the specific plate on a chromosome where binary fission begins
37.
prometaphase: chromosomes condense even more, sister chromatids develop kinetochore
38.
Prophase: 1st stage of mitosis, nucleus dissapears, mitotic spindle begins to form, chromosomes condense and become visible with a light microscope
39.
S phase: Synthesis of chromosomes in interphase
40.
sister chromatids: Two chromatids, each containing identical DNA make up
41.
Somatic cells: All body cells excepting reproductive cells
42.
telophase: nuclear envelope reforms and cell begins to cleave. chromosomes become less condensed
43.
transformation: the changing of a normal, healthy cell into a cancerous cell
