Science Final Notecards
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Created by:
balravens122 on March 27, 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Diamond | crystalline form of carbon that is strongly bonded created in high temps and pressure |
| graphite | each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other atoms in flat layers. bonds between the atoms are weak and layers slide past each other quickly. a very good lubricant |
| fullerene | form of carbon that is shaped in a hollow sphere |
| nanotube | carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a hollow cylinder. very flexible and light but very strong. good conductors of electricity and heat |
| organic compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| hydrocarbon | a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen |
| structural formula | shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| isomers | compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas |
| saturated hydrocarbons | a hydrocarbon that only contains single bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbons | a hydrocarbon that has double or triple bonds but have fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon |
| substituted hydrocarbon | atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon |
| hydroxyl group | each -OH made of an oxygen atom and hydrogen atom |
| alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl group |
| organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups |
| carboxyl group | a group that is written as -COOH |
| ester | a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid |
| polymer | a large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together |
| monomer | smaller molecules that make up a polymer |
| proteins | something formed by smaller molecules known as amino acids |
| amino acid | a monomer building block of proteins |
| plastics | synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped |
| low density polyethylene | a flexible, soft, easily melt-able synthetic polymer |
| composite | combining two or more substances in a new material with different properties |
| carbohydrate | an energy rich organic compound made of elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| glucose | an important sugar that is in your body that enters the blood stream to circulate throughout the body |
| complex carbohydrate | a polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another |
| starch | stored energy in the form of carbohydrates. made from glucose |
| cellulose | a complex carbohydrate that helps plants create strong root systems and stems |
| lipids | energy rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| fatty acids | the structure for fats and oils |
| cholesterol | a waxy substance found in all animal cells. this substance helps build cell structures and to form compounds that serve as chemical messengers |
| nucleic acids | a very large organic molecule that is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| nucleotides | the building blocks of nucleic acids |
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