| Term | Definition |
| abdicate | (v) to give up formally an office duty or power |
| allude | (v) to refer to indirectly |
| chagrin | (n) irritation, embarrassment by humiliation or frustration; (v) to cause such a feeling |
| construe | (v) to analyze, explain, interpret or understand |
| efficacious | (adj) capable of producing the desired effect |
| expedient | (adj) advantageous to one's purpose of interest; (n) emergency course of action |
| gratuitous | (adj) freely given; uncalled for |
| insuperable | (adj) incapable of being overcome |
| myriad | (adj) countless, innumerable |
| plaintive | (adj) sorrowful or melancholy |
| raze | (v) to level to the ground |
| ruse | (n) an action or device designed to confuse |
| venal | (adj) open to or marked by bribery or corruption |
| vindictive | (adj) included to seek revenge; intended to inflict pain or harm |
| blithe | (adj) merry and carefree, overly unconcerned, reckless |