5 Written Questions

1. between the troposphere and the stratosphere; where air ceases to cool with height, and becomes completely dry.
2. Dense center of the Earth. It consists of a solid inner core and a liquid outer core.
3. Generated by evaporation and removed by condensation, and triggers convection currents to form clouds.
4. time measurement to check pollution as well as global warming and CO2 levels through from the accumulation of snow and ice over many years that have re-crystallized and have trapped air bubbles from previous time periods
5. Also called microirrigation, this is the most efficient (90-95%) way to deliver small amounts of water precisely to crops. It consists of a network of perforated plastic tubing installed at or below ground level. Small pinholes in the tubing deliver drops of water at a slow and steady rate, close to the roots of individual plants.

5 Matching Questions

1. Waterlogged
2. Geothermal Energy
3. Earthquake
4. Coral reef
5. Freshwater

1. a formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of tiny coral animals called polyps, that secrete a stony substance (calcium carbonate) around themselves for protection. When the corals die, their empty outer skeletons form layers and cause the reef to grow. Coral reefs are found in the coastal zones of warm tropical and subtropical oceans; home of the greatest diversity in the ocean
2. b Naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams
3. c Saturation of soil with irrigation water or excessive preciptation so that the water table rises close to the surface.
4. d A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
5. e Energy derived from the heat in the interior of the Earth. Obtained by deep drilling in suitable geological areas where volcanic activity can provide heat from the earths crust

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. a layer in a body of water in which water temperature drops with increased depth faster than it does in other layers
   1. Ice Core
   2. Hurricane
   3. Horizon
   4. Thermocline
2. Reverse of El Nino, it cools some coastal surface waters, and brings back upwellings. Deals with more Atlantic Ocean hurricanes, colder winters in Canada and the northwestern U.S., warmer and drier winters in Southwest/east U.S.
   - Sometimes leads to wetter winters in the Pacific Northwest, torrential rains in Southeast Asia, more wildfires in Florida.
   1. La Nina
   2. Alkaline
   3. Silt
   4. Arable
3. orbital point nearest the sun
   1. Weathering
   2. Perihelion
   3. Thermocline
   4. Percolation
4. the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is furthest from the sun
   1. Alkaline
   2. Apenlion
   3. Perihelion
   4. Erosion
5. the soft level of the mantle that is made of hot, partly metled rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic
   1. Headwaters
   2. Anthropogenic
   3. Asthenosphere
   4. Ice Sheet

5 True/False Questions

1. Land Degradation → Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

   True        False

2. A Layer → the uppermost horizon of soil. It is primarily made up of organic material, including waste from organisms, the bodies of decomposing organisms, and live organisms.

   True        False

3. Polar cell → formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of tiny coral animals called polyps, that secrete a stony substance (calcium carbonate) around themselves for protection. When the corals die, their empty outer skeletons form layers and cause the reef to grow. Coral reefs are found in the coastal zones of warm tropical and subtropical oceans; home of the greatest diversity in the ocean

   True        False

4. Ice Sheet → ice cap, largest type of glacier on earth, 95% of glacier ice, 70% freshwater, continental sized mass of ice that covers all/nearly all land within its margins, found only in greenland and antarctica, so thick and heavy some of the land under antarctica pushed below sea level

   True        False

5. Cinder cone volcanoes → A tall, conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions and quiet eruptions. Most common type of volcano.
   - tall, symmetrical, steep volcanoes built by alternating layers of ash, cinders, and lava.
   - also called stratovolcanoes.

   True        False