1.
Abu Bakr: Muhammad's father-in-law who would take over the leadership of the Muslims when Muhammad died
2.
Allah: Arabic name for God
3.
Battle of Tours: When the Muslims were defeated by the Franks to stop Muslim expansion into Europe
4.
Bedouins: Arabic desert dwellers who were nomadic and moved from place to place in search of food
5.
Caliph: Means "successor of the prophet"; the leaders of Islam after Muhammad
6.
Caravan: Group of traders who travel together for protection
7.
Crusades: Holy wars launched by Christians to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims
8.
Gabriel: The angel that spoke to Muhammad and told him he was the last prophet of God
9.
Give a biography of Muhammad, including his early life, until his death.: Muhammad's father died before he was born and his mother died before he was 6. He lived with his uncle and became a merchant, working for Khadija. The fell in love and were married. He would become the prophet of Islam when he turned 40, would leave Mecca, later return and die there
10.
Hajj: Pilgrimmage to Mecca that is part of the Pillars of Islam that all Muslims are supposed to take
11.
Hajji: Title give to a person who has gone on the hajj to Mecca
12.
Hijra: Trip from Mecca to Medina that Muhammad took when he found out his life was in danger; marks the start of the Muslim calendar
13.
How did Islam unite the people of the Middle East and North Africa?: 1. Common language of Arabic so everyone could communicate
2. Everyone was equal if they were Muslim so no discrimination
14.
How did Muhammad's job as a manager of a caravan impact Islam?: His job allowed him to meet Christians and Jews and introduced him to monotheism
15.
How did Muslims treat nonbelievers of Islam?: They forced the polytheists to either convert or be enslaved or killed; they charged Christians and Jews special taxes because they worshiped the same God as the Muslims
16.
How did the Seljuk Turks take over the Muslim world?: They were hired as a military for the Abbasids when the people started to rebel against their rule since they had grown greedy and corrupt and the Turks eventually decided since they were the real power in the Empire, that they would take over and rule it themselves
17.
Imam: Person who called Muslims to prayer, but later became the title of the leaders of the Shiite Muslims
18.
In what way were the Seljuk Turks smart in their take over of the Muslim world?: They did not take the title of caliph because they were new to Islam and knew the Muslims would not have accepted them as "successors of the prophet" because Muslims support their faith so strongly and would have been insulted
19.
Jihad: Holy war
20.
Kaaba: Shrine originally that held a black stone of the nature gods but became a holy site for the Muslims
21.
Khadija: Muhammad's wife who fell in love with him when he managed her caravan route
22.
Koran: The Holy book of the Muslims that contains the teachings of Muhammad
23.
Mecca: Holy city for the Muslims where the Kaaba was located and where Muhammad was born
24.
Minaret: Tower found at a mosque that people use to call the faithful to prayer
25.
Mosque: Church of Islam
26.
Polytheistic: Belief in many gods
27.
Purdah: Muslim practice of secluding women
28.
Ramadan: Holy month when Muslims are expected to fast from sun up to sun down as part of Pillars of Islam
29.
Saladin: Leader of the Seljuk Turks who would sign a peace treaty to end the Crusades
30.
Sharia: Laws of Islam that explain how Muslims should live their lives
31.
Shiite Muslims: Muslims that believe only descendants of Muhammad and his son-in-law Ali should rule
32.
Sultan: Means "ruler"; title taken by the Seljuk Turks when they ruled the Muslim Empire
33.
Sunna: The teachings of Muhammad
34.
Sunni Muslims: Muslims that accept the leaders of Islam, as long as the follow the rules of the religion
35.
Suttee: Hindu practice when a woman throws herself on her husband's burning body to kill herself
36.
Theocracy: Government ruled by a religious leader
37.
Ulema: Teacher of Islam
38.
What 2 ideas were swapped between the Hindus and the Muslims?: The Muslims adopted the Hindu practice of suttee (a woman committing suicide on her husband's dead body) and the Hindus adopted the Muslim practice of purdah (the seclusion of women)
39.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?: 1. Must believe in Allah and Muhammad is his prophet
2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Give to the poor
4. Fast during the month of Ramadan
5. Take a hajj to Mecca at least once in your life
40.
What are the four things a good Muslim can't do?: 1. Eat pork
2. Gamble
3. Drink Alcohol
4. Worship Idols
41.
What caused the fall of the Seljuk Turk Empire?: The Mongols attacked and weakened them to allow for the Ottoman Turks to move in and take over
42.
What caused the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty and the rise of the Abbasids?: Because the military was no longer seen as important when the Muslims could not expand further in to Europe, the Muslim world started to look to leaders who could make them wealthy and powerful - which were the Abbasids, who were merchants
43.
What caused the split in the Muslim religion, name the two groups, and what each group believed?: It was over who should be the next ruler of Islam; the two groups are the Sunnis and the Shiites; the Sunnis believe anyone can rule as long as the follow the teachings of Muhammad; the Shiites believe only descendants of Muhammad can rule
44.
What did Muhammad do to gain the merchants favoritism?: he won them over by making it one of the pillars of Islam that Muslims must go to Mecca once in their life, bringing the merchants back their business to the Kaaba
45.
What four things allowed the Muslims to easily conquer the people of India?: 1. Hindus had only one warrior caste to fight
2. Hindu generals sabotaged each other to try and get the glory
3. Hindu war elephants spooked in battle and trampled soldiers
4. Hindu military tactics were out of date because of isolationism
46.
What proof is there that the Ottoman Turks were the most powerful Muslim group to rule their world up to that time?: They were the only Muslim group that was able to conquer the Christian stronghold at Constantinople
47.
What stopped Muslim expansion into Europe?: When the Muslims lost the Battle of Tours to the Franks, it ended their ability to expand in to Europe
48.
What was the Hijra and why is it important to Islam?: Trip from Mecca to Medina that Muhammad took when he found out his life was in danger; marks the start of the Muslim calendar
)saved his life and
2)saved the Islamic religion
49.
What was the Kaaba and what happened to it?: The Kaaba was a shrine originally that held a black stone of the nature gods but became a holy site for the Muslims when Muhammad smashed to stone that was held there
50.
Who were the Bedouins and what did they believe in?: Arabic desert dwellers who were nomadic and moved from place to place in search of food and believed in nature gods since nature effected their everyday life
51.
Why did the merchants of Mecca dislike Muhammad?: Because he was preaching that their were no nature gods and so the merchants would lose a lot of money if people stopped coming to Mecca to worship at the shrine of the nature gods - the Kaaba
52.
Why did the Muslim world expand under the Umayyad Dynasty?: 1. Because the Arabian peninsula was becoming overpopulated so they were looking for more territory
2. One of the goals of Islam is to go out and convert people to the religion
53.
Why did the Muslims treat the Hindus poorly?: 1. Hindus were polytheistic and would not accept Allah
2. Hindus worshipped idols which was against Islam
3. Hindus had a caste system in their society which the Muslims disliked because they believed all Muslims were equal
54.
Why is Islam not only a religion, but a way of life?: Because in order to be a good Muslim, you must follow all the rules of Islam, and these rules pretty much define how you are to live your life
