Early Islamic Empires Honors
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Created by:
JamieAranoff13 on March 28, 2012
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran |
| Muslim | The Monotheistic religion of Islam |
| Arab | a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa |
| Muhammed | Founder of Islamic religion, Believed to be God's last prophet |
| Arabian Peninsula | Area of which Islam was born. Dry, Desert like |
| Bedouins | Arab nomads, based on the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe Muhammed was brought up by |
| Hijra | The journey led by Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam. |
| Revelation | the last book of the New Testament |
| Mecca | City where Muhammed took over after returning from Bedouin. Muhammed was originally from here and it was a large center for trade throughout the Middle East |
| Medina | The City that Muhammed took his followers to strengthen their religion and returned years later to Mecca |
| Prophet | Messanger from God |
| Quran | The exact words of what God's angle told Muhammed. A sacred text for Muslims |
| Sharia | Teachings from the Quran as well as the actions of Muhammed |
| Ka'ba | Holy site for Muslims in Mecca that contained a "holy rock" built by Abraham There must be peace at all times around this area what many Muslims make a journey to |
| People of the book | What Muslims believe Jews and Christians are |
| Five Pillars | The basis of Muslim life and what it's followers should live by |
| Shahada | Declaration of Fate |
| Ottoman Turks | captured Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul; as a result the Byzantine people flee to Italian City-States which becomes a catalyst for the expansion of language and art. One of the Splinter dynasties |
| Safavids | A shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the persians, ottomans and arabs. One of the Splinter dynasties |
| Salat | prayer 5 times a day facing Kaba (Mecca) cleansing ritual before prayer most important repeating parts of the Quran |
| Zakat | pillar of islam; muslims are required to pay a tax yearly on property and walth, and this is to be distributed to the poor |
| Sawm | the third pillar of Islam is fasting (primarily during the month of Ramadan) |
| Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah |
| mosque | (Islam) a Muslim place of worship |
| minaret | tower used to call Muslims to prayer |
| caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth |
| rightly guided caliphs | The frist four caliphs. Abu Bakr,Umar, Uthamn, Ali spread Islam 4,000 miles |
| shia | one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam, the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
| sunni | one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam, a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad |
| umayyads | A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus. |
| ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites |
| abbassids | a dynasty of calphis ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258 claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammed |
| delhi sultanate | A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital. |
| sultan | the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire) |
| dome of the rock | Muslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock |
| seljuk turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly |
| mughal | Nomads who lived in the Indian subcontinent and established a powerful empire there, one of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there |
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