1.
abbassids: a dynasty of calphis ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258 claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammed
2.
ali: the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites
3.
Arab: a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa
4.
Arabian Peninsula: Area of which Islam was born. Dry, Desert like
5.
Bedouins: Arab nomads, based on the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe Muhammed was brought up by
6.
caliph: the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth
7.
delhi sultanate: A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital.
8.
dome of the rock: Muslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock
9.
Five Pillars: The basis of Muslim life and what it's followers should live by
10.
Hajj: the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah
11.
Hijra: The journey led by Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam.
12.
Islam: the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran
13.
Ka'ba: Holy site for Muslims in Mecca that contained a "holy rock" built by Abraham There must be peace at all times around this area what many Muslims make a journey to
14.
Mecca: City where Muhammed took over after returning from Bedouin. Muhammed was originally from here and it was a large center for trade throughout the Middle East
15.
Medina: The City that Muhammed took his followers to strengthen their religion and returned years later to Mecca
16.
minaret: tower used to call Muslims to prayer
17.
mosque: (Islam) a Muslim place of worship
18.
mughal: Nomads who lived in the Indian subcontinent and established a powerful empire there, one of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there
19.
Muhammed: Founder of Islamic religion, Believed to be God's last prophet
20.
Muslim: The Monotheistic religion of Islam
21.
Ottoman Turks: captured Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul; as a result the Byzantine people flee to Italian City-States which becomes a catalyst for the expansion of language and art. One of the Splinter dynasties
22.
People of the book: What Muslims believe Jews and Christians are
23.
Prophet: Messanger from God
24.
Quran: The exact words of what God's angle told Muhammed. A sacred text for Muslims
25.
Revelation: the last book of the New Testament
26.
rightly guided caliphs: The frist four caliphs. Abu Bakr,Umar, Uthamn, Ali spread Islam 4,000 miles
27.
Safavids: A shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the persians, ottomans and arabs. One of the Splinter dynasties
28.
Salat: prayer 5 times a day
facing Kaba (Mecca)
cleansing ritual before prayer
most important
repeating parts of the Quran
29.
Sawm: the third pillar of Islam is fasting (primarily during the month of Ramadan)
30.
seljuk turks: nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly
31.
Shahada: Declaration of Fate
32.
Sharia: Teachings from the Quran as well as the actions of Muhammed
33.
shia: one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam, the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
34.
sultan: the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)
35.
sunni: one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam, a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad
36.
umayyads: A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus.
37.
Zakat: pillar of islam; muslims are required to pay a tax yearly on property and walth, and this is to be distributed to the poor
