| Term | Definition |
| Independent Variable | The factor in an experiment that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect. |
| Dependent Variable | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. |
| Qualitative Data | Described in terms of its quality (that is, informal or relative characteristics such as culture, language, religion, ect.) |
| Quantitative Data | Data represented as numerical figures that can be expressed in numerical terms, counted, or compared on a scale. |
| Obeservation | To make a discovery or take note of something. |
| Inference | A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience. |
| Controlled Experiment | A test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same. |
| Control Group | The group that does not receive the experimental treatment. |
| Experimental Group | A subject or group of subjects in an experiment that is exposed to the factor or condition being tested. |
| Placebo | Something presented as a drug, but having no actual effect. |