Ch.19 Test
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 changes in agriculture, population growth, money supply, natural resources, and supply of markets | What are the 5 conditions that allowed the Industrial Revolution to being in Great Britain? |
| James Watt improved the steam engine in 1782; could now be used by machinery, fired by coal--so could be located anywhere; full mechanization in textile industry | What was the cause for full mechanization in the textile industry? |
| Belgium, France, and German states | What were the first industrialized countries in continental Europe? (3) |
| James Watt | improved the steam engine in 1782 so it could be used for machinery and fired by coal so it could be located anywhere |
| women and girls | most of the labor force in textile factories were filled by who? (2) |
| Industrial Middle-Class and Industrial Working Class | What were the two new social classes formed by the Industrial Revolution? |
| industrial middle class | factory builders who were invested in industrial capitalism |
| industrial working class | those that worked in factories--facing horrible conditions |
| socialism | system in which society owns and controls production--usually through government |
| socialism | began in response to poor conditions caused by Industrial revolution; leaders were intellectuals that believed in equality and cooperation for humans; competition should be replaced by cooperation |
| Robert Owen | utopian socialist who believed human goodness would prevail in cooperative society; tried communities in New Lanark Scotland and New Harmony, IN in 1820s; failed |
| laborers and peasants | During the Industrial revolution, new jobs were created for what two groups? |
| principle of legitimacy | monarchs from royal families before Napoleon would be restored to keep peace; the leaders hoped this would bring stability and balance power in Europe; to balance out Russia's power, gave land to Austria and Prussia |
| liberalism | people should be free from government restraint (within reason) |
| principle of intervention | right to intervene in revolutions in countries to restore monarchs (except Great britain) |
| Prince Klemens von Metternich | Austrian Prime Minister who was the leader of the congress |
| Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia | What are the four great powers that met at Congress of Vienna? |
| France, Germany, Austria, and Italy | What are the four areas that revolutions took place in 1848? |
| Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte | first president of the Second republic in France |
| meeting between the four great powers to arrange a final peace settlement and restore old order | What if the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? |
| Otto von Bismark | Prussia Prime Minister |
| Otto von Bismark | man associated with realpolitik |
| realpolitik | "politics of reality"; practical rather than theory of ethics |
| German Catholics, France, and the German Legislature | What were the three groups which Bismark faced challenges to his authority? |
| needed slaves for agriculture; state's rights to slavery | What caused South Carolina's succession and formation of Confederacy? |
| Upper and Lower Canada | What were the two major divins within Canada? |
| mostly English speaking | Upper Canada |
| mostly French speaking | Lower Canada |
| British moved toward change; 1840- British Parliament formally joined Upper and Lower Canada into United Provinces but not self-governed | What was the result of the Lower and Upper Canada rebellions? |
| British North America Act | 1867 Canada established with constitution; MacDonald first Prime minister and given Parliament; foreign policy left to Great Britain |
| Compromise of 1867 | created dual monarchy of Austria-hungary; each had their own constitution, legislature, government and capital |
| Vienna | capital of Austria created by Compromise of 1867 |
| Budapest | capital of Hungary created by Compromise of 1867 |
| it did not satisfy the varying nationalities | The Compromise of 1867 created a single monarch, common army, foreign policy, and system of finance....but what did it NOT do? |
| Napoleon III | when he became emperor: -authorization: controlled armed forces, police, and civil service, declared war, introduced legislation; Legislative Corps had no power -limited civil liberties -focused on expanding the economy, hoped to distract public from loss of freedom; built RRs, harbors, roads, canals, rebuilt Paris -opposition grew in response to regime; he responded with concessions -gave legislature more powers and napoleon re-elected in 1870 |
| state's rights, economic issues, and slavery | What three things caused divisions in national unity in 19th century America? |
| avoid revolution in 1848 | What was Great Britain able to do in 1848 because of parliament passing the bill in 1832 that increased male voters along with economic growth in Great Britain? |
| Charles Dickens | -often examined social issues -focused on the plight of the lower and middle classed in GB during the industrial revolution; Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol |
| realism | -rejected romanticism -wanted realistic characters rather than romantic characters -preferred novels rather than poems |
| romanticism | -an intellectual movement in the 18th century; extension of Enlightenment emphasized feelings, emotion, individualism, and imagination -rebelled against middle-class expectations |
| Louis Pateur | associated with germ theory of disease |
| "survival of the fittest" | means natural selection; associated with Charle's Darwin's organic evolution or the evolution of plants and animals |
| factory system | Great Britain switched from the cottage industry to what? |
| cotton production, coal and iron industries | What three industries were impacted by the Industrial Revolution? |
| Due to the creation of factories, workers now reported and worked in shifts; rural workers had been on cycles of active and inactive time periods--factory owners used harsh discipline to "break" workers of this mentality and the children were beaten | How did a new labor system emerge? |
| factory system | led to the ned for more power and increased Great Britain's export |
| liberalism | believed in: -civil liberties which should be guaranteed in a document (bill of rights) -separation of church and state -religious toleration -right to protest -laws by assembly voted in by voters -voters should only be property-holding men...mostly from industrial middle-class |
| conservatism | -based on tradition and social stability -believed in obedience to authority and organized religion; crucial for order |
| Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire so Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia | What was the cause of the Crimean War? |
| Austria and Russia had been allies, now enemies due to lack of Austria's support in Crimean War; Russia withdrew and Austria now without allies | What was the effect of the Crimean War? |
| opinions on religion | What is a similarity between conservatism and liberalism? |
| monarchy | type of leadership in France before 1830 |
| Second Republic | type of leadership in France after 1830, which was set up by the constitution in 1848 |
| the gaining of Venetia | What is the final event that led to italian unification? |
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