GRG TEST 3
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Created by:
Sarah_Bobbi_Garcia on March 29, 2012
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120 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 All of Earth's frozen water is called the ________ sphere | cryo |
| In terms of the total global supply of water, how much of it is in circulation at any one time? | a small percentage |
| A localized zone of saturation which develops above an aquiclude is called a | perched water table |
| Most of Earth's water is stored ________ | on the surface in liquid form |
| Of the Earth's liquid water inventory, most of the fresh water is stored in the form of | glacial ice |
| A single oscillation of the tides (from low tide to high tide and back again) takes about ________ hours | 12 |
| The Amazon has the greatest discharge in the world. Which river has the second greatest discharge? | the Zaire (Congo) |
| This part of the world is noted for large lakes caused by Earth's crust splitting and by volcanic activity | Eastern and central Africa |
| Clay has a high ________ and low ________ because it has a great many, small interstices. 9 | porosity, permeability |
| Which seawater has been found to have the least density | seawater near the botto |
| Ice, when it is frozen year-round in the ground, is termed ________. | permafrost |
| Which of the following is found closest to the surface of Earth? | the zone of aeration |
| The world's largest lake, fresh or saline, is ________ | tthe Caspian Sea |
| Lakes which contain water only a fraction of the time are called ________. | ephemera |
| Europe's longest river is the ________. | Volga |
| Which of the below would do most to affect the components of the hydrologic cycle to the greatest 16) extent for the Earth as a whole? | the onset of an ice age |
| The "world ocean" spreads over ________ of Earth's surface | three-quarters |
| Thawing permafrost sometimes degenerates into ________. | wet thermokarst |
| The top of the saturated zone of ground water is called the ______ | water table |
| The highest tides occur when the _______ | Earth, Sun, and Moon are lined up |
| A swamp and a marsh ________. | are sometimes related to the infilling of a lake |
| Most of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by ________ ice | pack |
| By far, the lake with the greatest volume of freshwater is ________. | Lake Baykal |
| The ________ is a prominent location of sinking water in Earth's thermohaline circulation. | Arctic |
| Asia's longest river is the ________. | Yangtze |
| Approximately _______ percent of all continental water flows into the oceans | 7 |
| North America's largest lake is ________ | Lake Superior |
| Which of the following is the form of nitrogen that is readily available for plants? | nitrates |
| Carbon is fixed in the biosphere through ________ into carbohydrate compounds | photosynthesis |
| The term hydrosphere describes one of the Earth's "spheres" and it includes all of the________. 3 | water on Eart |
| In the selva, the vegetation is ________. | dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees |
| Which ocean is surrounded by most of the world's major volcanoes? | Pacific |
| The driving force behind all life cycles in the entire biosphere is | the Sun |
| Most atmospheric free nitrogen is cycled to Earth by means of ________. 3 | none of the abov |
| Of the total solar energy reaching the Earth, ________ percent is fixed by photosynthes | <1 |
| Atmospheric nitrogen which can be assimilated by plants is ________ nitrogen | fixed |
| Why is the Linnaean system of limited interest to geographers? | not based on distribution |
| The conversion of recyclable components within the biosphere takes place ___ | in all of the above ways |
| Of the main nutrients in the biosphere, the one that is "fixed" inside nodules in certain plant roots is ________. | nitrogen |
| For about the last ________ years, Earth has had about the same balance of chemical components that now persists. | 1 billion |
| Which of the following is (are) important concerning edaphic influences on plant | all of the above |
| Which components are necessary for photosynthesis to occur | carbon dioxide, light, and water |
| The effects of wildfires | are usually temporary |
| The North and South polar ice packs ________ in size during their respective winter sea | double |
| According to the food chain concept, it takes ________ kilograms of plankton to make one kilogram of weight gain in a human | 1,00 |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of climatic influence on the biosphere? 4 | Edaphic conditions |
| ________ is the term for the total complex of plant and animal life in an area | Biota |
| The biogeochemical cycles are considered to have been in a planetwide steady-state condition for the last ________ billion years. | one billion |
| Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? | oxygen cycle |
| Of the biogeochemical cycles which have been interfered with by the actions of humans, which is thought to be likely to have the most far-reaching effects on the biosphere? | carbon |
| _______ total (major plus minor) zoogeographical regions are generally recognized | Nine |
| In the interior of the ________ biome one would find the aroma of mold and decomposition, high humidity, and much plant litter of the forest floor. | Tropical rainforest |
| Humans fit into the food pyramid as ________. | the apex of the pyramid |
| Net primary productivity is greatest in the oceans ________. | where nutrients are greatest |
| The boundary between middle latitude forest and middle latitude grassland is most closely related to the concept of the ________. | ecotone |
| ______ are the most abundant on earth | Anthropods |
| Except in the rainy tropics, virtually all needle leaf trees are | Evergreen |
| Authorities commonly accept _____ biomes | 11 |
| Amongst the biochemical cycles which can be said to operate rapidly | carbon dioxide |
| Net primary productivity is measured in ______ per year | kilograms per square meter |
| _________ involves two dissimilar organisms living together with not injury to eachother. An example is a burrowing owls sharing the underground ho,es of prairie dogs. | Commensalism |
| Most of the. Srbon near earths surface is held in | geologic deposits |
| Whichis amount the snatural means of dispersal seeds | all of the above |
| Organic matter usually comprises about _______ percent of total soil volume | 5 |
| Which of the following characteristics is closely associated with mammals and birds but not other groups of animals | they are endothermic |
| Plants that live above the ground and out of contact with the soil, usually growing on trees and shrubs are | epiphytes |
| Which statement is true? | Valley bottoms tend to have riparian vegetation |
| Xerophytes are plants of the ___ region | desert |
| After the rain forest is cleared for agiculture, the most typical occurrences that | the soils soon lose their fertility |
| The highest rated soils for overall agricultural productivity are the | Mollisols |
| Plants adapted to environments with surplus moisture are called ________ | hygrophytic |
| Which of the following represents an addition to soil water? | percolation |
| No other element of the physical landscape has been so transformed and rearranged by human interference as the ________ | water |
| Utisols are generally lack ________ | humuns |
| Soil structure is usually determined by clumps called ________. | peds |
| ________ is a soil texture in which none of the three main soil separates dominates the other two. | loam |
| The smallest-sized pieces of a soil are ________. | clays |
| The boreal forest in subarctic locations is the typical setting for ________ | podsolization |
| A major determinant of a soil's water holding capacity is its ________. | colloids |
| Globally, the influence of this soil-forming factor fades with time. | geologic |
| Foraminifera study has shown the oceans are becoming ________. | more acidic |
| Most of the lakes in the north central United States exist as a result of | glaciation |
| The Great Salt Lake in Utah is ________. | without a natural drainage outlet |
| The oceans contain approximately ________ percent of all water on Earth. | 97 |
| The water table is the top of the | saturated zone |
| The pedogenic regime associated with high annual precipitation and temperature is _______ | laterization |
| Mollisols are, on the whole, the most ________ of all soil orders | productive |
| Whenever there is an active well, the water table will be drawn downward to a(n) ________. | cone of depression |
| There are approximately ________ known species of birds | 9,000 |
| Most of North America, including the U.S.A. and Canada, lies within the ________ zoogeographic 90) realm | Nearctic |
| The richest assemblage of flora and fauna outside the tropics are in the ________ biome. | midlatitude deciduous fores |
| Which cycle has been significantly altered by humans? | all of the abov |
| The major biome characterized by relative absence of trees is the ________. | all of the above |
| ________ is (are) a common feature of the hydrology of tropical rainforests. | B) Swamp |
| ________ is the soil order covering the greatest surface area on Earth | Aridosols |
| The energy source for the biosphere is | light from the Sun |
| The soils which are red with a surface layer containing much aluminum and iron are ________. | Ultisols |
| Plants are eaten by ________ | herbivores |
| In which type of environment does the number of species tend to be the greatest? | places with moderate temperature |
| The egg-laying mammals of the Australian region are the ________. | B) monotreme |
| ________ were more important in past Earth history; today, the only large, surviving varieties are cone-bearing trees such as pines. | Gymnosperms |
| Ungulates are ________. | hoofed animal |
| Weak, pliable stems which do not give support to a plant are an identifying characteristic of a | hygrophyte |
| ________ is a floralistic association usually found in slightly drier climates than the forest floralistic association. | Woodland |
| The main pedogenic regimes do NOT include ________ | colloidization |
| ) 106) ________ is least available to plants because it is held in chemical combination with the minerals in the soil | C) Combined water |
| The pedogenic regime associated with the tropical moist climates is ________. | B) laterization |
| The most weathered and leached of all soils are the ________. | C) Oxisols |
| Based on the pH scale soils are neutral at ________ | A) 7. |
| Within the zone of saturation is found water known as ________ | groundwater |
| ) The Arctic Ocean contains about ________ percent of Earth's total ocean water. | 4 |
| The main value of the extensive terminology of the Soil Taxonomy is its ________. | basis in observable characteristic |
| The present binomial system of biological classification was devised by | Linnaeus |
| In Earth history, how many species are estimated to have become extinct? | five hundred million |
| An important soil order, the ________ are mainly restricted to the tropics. | C) Oxisols |
| Which of the following concerning the Ogallala is FALSE? | It is the largest water supply in Mexico |
| The Linnaean system of classification is ________. | hierarchical |
| ) ________ is the country with the largest expanse of tropical rainforest | Brazil |
| The "A" horizon or combined "O/A" horizons of the soil are known as the ________. | epipedon |
| The main "type" of water plants use is ________. | capillary |
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