Sympathetic Nervous System Drugs
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21 terms
Chemistry | English |
|---|---|
 Adrenergic Agents | AKA: Sympathomimetic agents Catecholamines: Increase force and rate of muscular contraction of the heart, constrict peripheral blood vessels, and elevate blood glucose levels mainly by stimulating beta-1 receptors SERIOUS DRUGS Noncatecholamines: Not as serious Uses: Stimulate heart to beat, reverse the hypotension and bronchoconstriction of anaphylactic shock, strengthen the heart during CHF, correct hypotension thru vasoconstriction, treat urinary incontinence, reduce mucous membranes congestion in allergic conditions, prolong the effects of local anesthetic agents by causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels at the injection site, thereby prolonging their absorption, and treat glaucoma Side fx: Tachycardia, hypertension, nervousness, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema (with OD) |
| Adrenergic Receptors | Alpha-1: Increases force of heart contraction, increases blood pressure, and causes mydriasis Alpha-2: Inhibits release of norephinephrine, dilates blood vessels (producing hypotension), and excitatory response (except in GI tract) Beta-1: Increases heart rate and force of heart contraction Beta-2: Dilates bronchioles and relaxes GI tract, inhibitory response (except in heart) |
| Epinephrine | Trade name: Adrenalin Category: Adrenergic (injection) Receptor affected: Alpha-1, beta-1, beta-2 Use: Emergencies (cardiac resuscitation and anaphylaxis) to increase heart rate, cardiac output, constriction of blood vessels to skin, dilation of blood vessels to muscles Side fx: Same as category |
| Norepinephrine | Trade name: Noradrenalin Category: Adrenergic (injectable) Receptor affected: Alpha-1, beta-1 Use: increase blood pressure Side fx: Same as category |
| Isoproterenol | Trade name: Isuprel Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Beta-1, beta-2 Use: Cause bronchodilation Side fx: Same as category |
| Dopamine | Trade name: Intropin Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Beta-1 Use: Treats heart failure Side fx: Same as category |
| Phenylpropanolamine | Trade name: Prolamine Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Alpha-1, Beta-1 Use: Treats urinary incontinence in dogs Side fx: Same as category |
| Albuterol | Trade name: Proventril Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Beta-2 Uses: Treats bronchospasm (bronchitis) by producing bronchodilation Side fx: Same as category |
| Terbutaline | Trade name: Brethine Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Beta-2 Uses: Treats bronchospam by producing bronchodilation Side fx: Same as category |
| Ephedrine | Trade name: Vatronol Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Alpha-1, beta-1, beta-2 Uses: Produces bronchodilation Side fx: Same as category |
| Xylazine | Trade name: Rompun, AnaSed Category: Adrenergic Receptor affected: Alpha-2 (only one which affects alpha-2) Uses: Tranquilizer/Sedative (horses) Side fx: Same as category Reversal: Yohimbine |
| Adrenergic Blocking Agents | AKA: SympathoLYTICS Classifications: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Beta Adrenergic Blockers |
| Alpha Blockers | Part of adrenergic blocking group Works by: Block receptor sites preventing binding of drugs or natural epinephrine Uses: Vasodilator, hypotensive, antidote, reversal agent Side fx: Hypotension, tachycardia, muscle tremors, seizures |
| Phenoxybenzamine | Trade name: Dibenzyline Category: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Uses: Decreases urethral sphincter tone in small animals, treat laminitis in horses Side fx: Same as category Contraindication: Don't use on horses with colic |
| Prazosin | Trade name: Minipress Category: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Uses: Treat animals with heart failure and hypertension Side effects: Same as category |
| Yohimbine | Trade name: Yobine Category: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Uses: REVERSAL for Xylazine Side effects: Same as category |
| Atipamezole | Trade name: Antisedan Category: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Uses: REVERSAL for Medetomidine Side fx: Same as category |
| Beta Adrenergic Blockers | Part of adrenergic blocking group Works: Block epinephrine from reacting with beta-1 (heart) and beta-2 (lungs) receptors Uses: Treat glaucoma, arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Side fx: Bradycardia, hypotension |
| Propranolol | Trade name: Inderal Category: Beta blocker Receptors affected: Beta-1, beta-2 Uses: Treat cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac disease Side effects: Same as category |
| Metoprolol | Trade name: Lopressor Category: Beta blocker Receptor affected: Beta-2 Use: Treat hypertension Side fx: Same as category |
| Timolol | Trade name: Timoptic Category: Beta blocker Receptor affected: Beta-1, beta-2 Use: Ophthalmic prep to treat glaucoma Side effects: Same as category |
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