Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards
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Created by:
sciencewiz123 on March 29, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 allele | genes that exist in alternative forms |
| dominant | observed trait |
| fertilization | when the male gamete unites with the female gamete |
| gamete | male and female sex cells |
| genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity |
| genotype | the allele combination an organism contains |
| heredity | the passing on of traits from parents to offspring |
| heterozygous | when two alleles for the trait differ from each other |
| homozygous | when two alleles for the trait are the same |
| hybrid | offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait |
| law of independent assortment | genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| law of segregation | every individual has to alleles of each gene and when gametes are produced, each gamete receives on of these alleles |
| phenotype | the way an organism looks and behaves |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ |
| recessive | trait that disappears |
| trait | characteristics that are inherited |
| zygote | fertilized cell |
| crossing over | when non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and exchange genetic material |
| diploid | a cell with two of each kind of chromosome |
| egg | female gametes |
| genetic recombination | the reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry, either by crossing over or by independent segregation of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | cell containing one of each kind of chromosome |
| homologous chromosome | two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell |
| meiosis | cell division, which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell |
| nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| sexual reproduction | the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells |
| sperm | male gametes |
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