whatevs
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Created by:
kellyab321 on March 29, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 microevolution | changes within a population or species |
| macroevolution | changes from one species to a new species (speciation) |
| gene pool | combined genetic information of all members of a particular population |
| population | collection of individuals of the same species in a given area; can interbreed, and thus, share the same gene pool |
| allele frequency | percentage of times a specific allele occurs in a gene pool; # of specific allele/total # of alleles |
| genotype frequency | percentage of time that a specific genotype occurs in a gene pool; # of specific genotype/total # of individuals |
| phenotype frequency | number of individuals with phenotype/number of individuals |
| sources of genetic variation (2) | gene shuffling (new combos of alleles due to sexual reproduction--crossing over, independent assortment); mutations (change in DNA sequences) |
| evolution as genetic change | natural selection does not act on genotype, acts on phenotype; affects which individuals having different phenotypes survive and reproduce and who do not |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | conditions under which evolution does not occur, allele frequencies don't change |
| five conditions | 1, no mutations; 2, mate randomly; 3, no migration (gene flow); 4, population is large (discourages genetic drift); 5, no natural selection |
| five violations | 1, mutation; 2, sexual selection; 3, migration/gene flow; 4, small population; 5, natural selection |
| gene flow | migration |
| genetic drift | happens in small populations--founders and bottleneck effect; changes of allele frequencies due to small populations |
| p+q=1 | p=allele frequency of dominant allele; q=frequency of recessive allele |
| p^2+2pq+q^2 | p2=frequency of homo dom gen; 2pq=frequency of hetero gen; q2=frequency of homo rec gen |
| speciation | evolution of new species from a preexisting species |
| adaptive radiation | evolution of many species starting with a recent single ancestor leading to species exhibiting different characteristics due to the opening of multiple niches |
| reproductive isolation | separation of gene pools of populations |
| geographic isolation (physical barriers) | separated by geographical/physical barrier |
| genetic isolation (mutations) | DNA changed to such a degree that two populations can't reproduce |
| temporal isolation (behavior) | mate at different times--of the day, year... |
| production of sterile offspring | result of reproductive isolation |
| gradualism | species develop gradually over time with lots of small change |
| punctuated equilibrium | long periods of stability followed by sudden appearance of new forms; possibly shorter periods of time, but still thousands to millions of years |
| parallel evolution | after speciation event has occurred two organisms continue to develop in similar ways because of similar environments |
| coevolution | two different species become uniquely adapted to one another; results in symbiotic relationships |
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