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health maintenance organization Organization contracted by individuals or insurance companies to provide health care for a yearly fee. Such network health plans limit the choice of doctors and treatments. About 60 percent of Americans are enrolled in health maintenance organizations or similar programs. national health insurance A compulsory insurance program for all Americans that would have the government finance citizens' medical care. First proposes by President Harry S. Truman, the plan was soundly opposed by the American Medical Association. Medicare A program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other medical expenses. Medicaid A public assistance program designed to provide health care for poor Americans. Medicaid is funded by Americans. Medicaid is funded by both the states and the national government. Environmental Protection Agency An agency of the federal government created in 1970 and charged with administering all the government's environmental legislation. It also administers policies dealing with toxic wastes. it is the largest federal independent regulatory agency.Medicaid is funded by Americans. Medicaid is funded by both the states and the national government. Clean Air Act of 1970 The law that charged the Department of Transportation with the responsibility to reduce automobile emissions. Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 A law intended to clean up the nation's rivers and lakes. it requires municipal, industrial, and other pollutes to use pollution control technology and secure permits from the Environmental Protection Agency for discharging waste products into waters. Endangered Species Act of 1973 This law requires the federal government to protect actively each of the hundreds of species listed as endangered-- regardless of the economic effect on the surrounding towns or region. Superfund A fund created by Congress in 1980 to clean up hazardous waste sites. Money for the fund comes from taxing chemical products.