| Term | Definition |
| tariff | a tax added to imported goods |
| states' rights | the idea that states should have the final decision in things affecting them |
| sectionalism | loyality to one part of the country |
| agriculture | the basis of the south's economy |
| manufactoring | the basis of the north's economy |
| cotton | most important crop grown in the south |
| abolitionist | people who worked to end slavery |
| north | against slavery |
| south | for slavery |
| discrimination | unfair treatment to a particular group |
| William Lloyd Garrison | writer of The Liberator |
| Fredrick Douglas | former slave who spoke to white audiences about the ending slavery |
| Sojourner Truth | abolitionist and speaker for women's rights |
| Underground Railroad | series of routes and hiding places used to bring slaves to freedom |
| Harriet Tubman | famous Underground Railroad conductor |
| Compromise of 1820 | admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state; imaginary line divided the country and where slaves were allowed |
| Compromise of 1850 | gave territories popular sovereignty |
| popular sovereignty | allowed territories to decide if slavery would be allowed or not allowed |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | gave Kansas and Nebraska popular sovereignty |
| fugitive | someone who is running away |
| Harriet Beecher stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Dred Scott | asked the court to grant him freedom |
| John Brown | abolitionist that attacked an army post to protest against slavery |