ch 11 and 12 human geo ap
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Created by:
akdbanana628 on March 31, 2012
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industry and services
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 regions where industry clustered during the 1900s | europe, north america, and east asia |
| what are 3 site factors? | land, labor, and capitol |
| what do the site factors control? | they control the cost of doing business in a location |
| situation factors include what 2 things? | the cost of transporting inputs into the factory and products from the factory to the consumers |
| break-of-bulk point | a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another |
| bulk-gaining industry | an industry where the finished product weighs more or has a bigger volume than the inputs |
| bulk-reducing industry | an industry where the finished product weighs less or has a smaller volume than the inputs |
| cottage industry | manufacturing based in homes rather than a factory (usually found before the industrial revolution) |
| fordist production | form of mass production where each worker is assigned a specific task repeatedly (assembly line) |
| industrial revolution | a series of improvements in technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
| labor-intensive industry | An industry for which labor costs comprises a high percentage of total expenses |
| maquiladora | Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico. |
| new international division of labor | Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries. |
| outsourcing | A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. |
| post-fordist production | Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks. |
| right-to-work-state | A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment. |
| site factors | Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital. |
| situation factors | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory. |
| textile | A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing. |
| retail and wholesale services | about 15% of all us jobs |
| education services | about 10% of us jobs- 2/3 at public schools |
| health services | 12% of all us jobs |
| leisure and hospitality services | 10% of all us jobs- 70% of these at restaurants and bars |
| what are 3 types of services? | consumer, business, and public |
| basic industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. |
| business services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services |
| central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. |
| central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. |
| city-state | a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
| clustered rural settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement. |
| consumer services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services. |
| dispersed rural settlement | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. |
| economic base | A community's collection of basic industries. |
| enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century. |
| gravity model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. |
| market area (hinterland) | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. |
| nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community. |
| primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
| primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
| public services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses |
| range (of a service) | the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service |
| rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
| service | any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it |
| threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support the service |
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