Psychology 252 Colorado State University- Learning
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mcfergie9292 on March 31, 2012
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is learning? What changes? | It is a change in behavior or knowledge due to the experience. |
| What is Classical Conditioning? | Also known as Pavlovian Conditioning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. |
| Pavlov's Demonstration on Conditioning | When a dog is presented meat powder it salivates. The unconditioned stimulus is the meat powder because it doesn't need to be learned. The unconditioned response is salivation for the meat powder. When after conditioning the dog salivates to the sound of a bell. The conditioned response is salivation and the conditioned stimulus is the bell! |
| Unconditioned response | A unlearned response in which response happens naturally. (Eg. Salivation) |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | An unlearned stimulus that evokes a natural response |
| Conditioned Response | learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs due to conditioning |
| Conditioned Stimulus | Originally neutral response that goes through conditioning and becomes capable of evoking a conditioned response |
| what is Acquisition? | the initial acquiring of information |
| What happens during extinction? | a response that was conditioned eventually loses its effect |
| Spontaneous recovery | the random recovery of a previously conditioned response that was extinguished. |
| Stimulus Generalization | responding to a stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus |
| Stimulus Discrimination | being able to tell the difference between stimulus and original stimulus. |
| Operant Conditioning | conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response |
| Who coined the term Reinforcement? | B.F. Skinner |
| What is the general overview of reinforcement? | when an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that response. |
| What is happening to the animals in the Skinner box? | they are being controlled and shaped |
| What is shaping? | it is when you shape an organisms behavior based on reinforcement presented. |
| What is the general belief of Behaviorists? | They believe that studies can only be done on observable behavior. |
| What is Primary and Secondary reinforcement? | Primary reinforcement is based around reinforcing with biological needs (food, water, shelter, sex, affection) Secondary reinforcement is when events that require reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcement |
| What are the 6 Schedules of reinforcement? | Continuous Intermediate Fixed-Ratio Variable-Ratio Fixed- Interval Fixed-Ratio |
| What is continuous reinforcement? | occurs when a specific response is reinforced every time. |
| What is intermediate reinforcement? | specific response is reinforced only some of the time |
| Fixed-ratio reinforcement | reinforcement is given after a fixed number of trials |
| Varied-ratio reinforcement | reinforcement is given after a varied ratio of trials |
| Fixed interval reinforcement | reinforcement is given after a specific time has passed |
| Varied interval reinforcement | reinforcement is given after varied time has passed |
| What were the Ratio schedules of reinforcements findings? | tended to produce a more rapid response time |
| What were the interval schedules of reinforcements findings? | tended to generate steadier response rates and greater resistance to extinction. |
| What is positive reinforcement? | a response is strengthened when presented with a rewarding stimulus |
| What is negative reinforcement? | a response is strengthened when the removal of a unpleasant stimulus |
| Escape Learning | learning a response that decreases or ends unpleasant stimulus |
| what is learned avoidance? | an organism acquires a response that prevents an unpleasant stimulus from occurring |
| What is punishment? | event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response |
| What did Brelands study suggest about organisms and their biological heritage? | Suggested Instinctive Drift that an organisms natural responses interferes with conditioned stimulus (Raccoons and coins) |
| What did Garcia's study on conditioned taste aversion suggest? | Suggested that when a neutral stimulus is associated with nausea/throwing up people tend to have that feeling when presented with with stimulus |
| What is latent learning? | learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and that remains unexpressed until reinforcement is provided |
| Observational learning | Is when an organism responding is influenced by an audience |
| What are the keys to Observational Learning? | Attention Retention Reproduction Motivation |
| What does Bandura, Ross, and Russ's study suggest about Media Violence? | that learned aggressive behavior in children can be influenced by by aggressive models |
| Behavior Modification | modifying an organisms behavior through the application of the principals of conditioning |
| What is a behavioral contract? | a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the rules of behavior modification system |
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