NUTRITION CHAPTER 47
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pattie0610 on April 1, 2012
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 24 HOUR FOOD RECALL | CLIENT RECALL OF ALL THE FOOD AND BEVERAGES CONSUMED DURING A TYPICAL 24 HOUR PERIOD |
| ANABOLISM | A PROCESS IN WHICH SIMPLE SUBSTANCES ARE CONVERTED BY THE BODY'S CELLS INTO MORE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES (E.G. BUILDING TISSUE, POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE) |
| ANEMIA | A CONDITION IN WHICH THE BLOOD IS DEFICIENT IN RED BLOOD CELLS OR HEMOGLOBIN |
| ANOREXIA NERVOSA | A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY A PROLONGED INABILITY OR REFUSAL TO EAT, RAPID WEIGHT LOSS, AND EMACIATION IN PERSONS WHO CONTINUE TO BELIEVE THEY ARE FAT |
| BASAL METABOLIC RATE | THE RATE OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN THE BODY REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN ESSENTIAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS BREATHING |
| BODY MASS INDEX | INDICATES WHETHER WEIGHT IS APPROPRIATE FOR HEIGHT |
| BOTTLE MOUTH SYNDROME | DESCRIBES THE DECAY OF AN INFANT'S TEETH CAUSED BY CONSTANT CONTACT WITH SWEET LIQUID FROM A BOTTLE |
| BULIMIA | AN UNCONTROLLABLE COMPULSION TO EAT LARGE AMOUNTS OF FOOD AND THEN EXPEL IT BY SELF-INDUCED VOMITING OR BY TAKING LAXATIVES |
| CALORIC VALUE | THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT NUTRIENTS OR FOODS SUPPLY TO THE BODY |
| CALORIE | A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED KILOCALORIE OR LARGE CALORIE |
| CATABOLISM | A PROCESS IN WHICH COMPLEX SUBSTANCES ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES (E.G. BREAKDOWN OF TISSUE) |
| CHOLESTEROL | A LIPID THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN FATTY ACID BUT POSSESSES MANY OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OTHER LIPIDS |
| COMPLETE PORTEINS | A PROTEIN THAT CONTAINS ALL OF THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AS WELL AS MANY NONESSENTIAL ONES |
| DEMAND FEEDING | CHILD IS FED WHEN HUNGRY |
| DIET HISTORY | A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF A CLIENT'S FOOD INTAKE THAT INVOLVES AN EXTENSIVE INTERVIEW BY A NUTRITIONIST OR DIETITIAN |
| DISACCHARIDES | SUGARS THAT ARE COMPOSED OF DOUBLE MOLECULES |
| DYSPHAGIA | DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING |
| ENTERAL | THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM |
| ENZYMES | BIOLOGIC CATALYSTS THAT SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS |
| ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS | AMINO ACIDS THAT CANNOT BE MANUFACTURED IN THE BODY AND MUST BE SUPPLIED AS PART OF THE PROTEIN INGESTED IN THE DIET |
| FAD | A WIDESPREAD BUT SHORT-LIVED INTEREST, OR A PRACTICE FOLLOWED WITH CONSIDERABLE ZEAL |
| FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS | A, D, E, AND K VITAMINS THAT THE BODY CAN STORE |
| FATS | LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE |
| FATTY ACIDS | THE BASIC STRUCTURAL UNITS OF MOST LIPIDS MADE UP OF CARBON CHAINS AND HYDROGREN |
| FOOD DIARY | A DETAILED RECORD OF MEASURED AMOUNTS (PORTION SIZES) OF ALL FOOD AND FLUIDS A CLIENT CONSUMES DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD, USUALLY 3 TO 7 DAYS |
| FOOD FREQUENCY RECORD | A CHECKLIST THAT INDICATES HOW OFTEN GENERAL FOOD GROUPS OR SPECIFIC FOODS ARE EATEN |
| GASTROSTOMY | AN OPENING THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL INTO THE STOMACH |
| GLYCERIDES | THE MOST COMMON FORM OF LIPIDS CONSISTING OF A GLYCEROL MOLECULE WITH UP TO THREE FATTY ACIDS |
| GLYCOGEN | THE CHIEF CARBOHYDRATE STORED IN THE BODY, PARTICULARLY IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLES |
| IDEAL BODY WEIGHT | THE OPTIMAL WEIGHT RECOMMENDED FOR OPTIMAL HEALTH |
| INCOMPLETE PROTEINS | PROTEIN THAT LACKS ONE OR MORE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS; USUALLY DERIVED FROM VEGETABLES |
| IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA | A FORM OF ANEMIA CAUSED BY INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF IRON FOR SYNTHESIS OF HEMOGLOBIN |
| JEJUNOSTOMY | A TUBE THAT IS PLACED SURGICALLY OR BY LAPAROSCOPY THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL INTO THE JEJUNUM FOR LONG-TERM NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT |
| KILOCALORIE | A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED CALORIE OR LARGE CALORIE |
| KILOJOULE | A METRIC MEASUREMENT REFERRING TO THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED WHEN A FORCE OF 1 NEWTON MOVES 1 KG OF WEIGHT 1 M OF DISTANCE |
| LARGE CALORIE | A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED CALORIE OR KILOCALORIE |
| LIPIDS | ORGANIC SUBSTANCES THAT ARE GREASY AND INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL OR ETHER |
| LIPOPROTEINS | SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS MADE UP OF VARIOUS LIPIDS |
| MACROMINERALS | ANY OF THE MINERALS THAT PEOPLE REQUIRE DAILY IN AMOUNTS OVER 100 MG |
| MACRONUTRIENTS | CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, AND PROTEIN THAT ARE NEEDED IN LARGE AMOUNTS TO PROVIDE ENERGY |
| MALNUTRITION | THE LACK OF NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE FOOD SUBSTANCES THAT INCLUDES BOTH UNDERNUTRITION AND OVERNUTRITION |
| METABOLISM | THE SUM OF ALL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES BY WHICH A LIVING SUBSTANCE IS FORMED AND MAINTAINED AND BY WHICH ENERGY IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR USE BY THE ORGANISM |
| MICROMINERALS | A VITAMIN OR MINERAL |
| MICRONUTRIENTS | THOSE VITAMINS AND MINERALS REQUIRED IN SMALL AMOUNTS TO METABOLIZE THE ENERGY-PROVIDING NUTRIENTS |
| MID ARM CIRCUMFERENCE | A MEASURE OF FAT, MUSCLEW, AND SKELETON |
| MID ARM MUSCLE AREA | CALCULATED BY USING REFERENCE TABLES OR BY USING A FORMULA THAT INCORPORATES THE TRICEPS SKINFOLD AND THE MAC |
| MINERALS | SUBSTANCES FOUND IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, AS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND AS FREE IONS |
| MONOSACCHARIDES | SUGARS THAT ARE COMPOSED OF SINGLE MOLECULES |
| MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS | A FATTY ACID WITH ONE DOUBLE BOND |
| NASOENTERIC TUBE | A TUBE INSERTED THROUGH ONE OF THE NOSTRILS, DOWN THE NASOPHARYNX, AND INTO THE ALIMENTARY TRACT |
| NASOGASTRIC TUBE | A TUBE INSERTED BY WAY OF THE NASOPHARYNX OR THE OROPHARYNX; IT IS PLACED INTO THE STOMACH FOR THE TEMPORARY PURPOSE OF FEEDING THE CLIENT OR TO REMOVE GASTRIC SECRETIONS |
| NITROGEN BALANCE | A MEASURE OF THE DEGREE OF PROTEIN ANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM; NET RESULT OF INTAKE AND LOSS OF NITROGEN |
| NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS | AN AMINO ACID THAT THE BODY CAN MANUFACTURE |
| NUTRIENTS | ORGANIC, INORGANIC, ENERGY-PRODUCING SUBSTANCES FOUND IN FOODS AND REQUIRED FOR BODY FUNCTIONING |
| NUTRITION | THE SUM OF ALL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND THE FOOD IT CONSUMES |
| NUTRITIVE VALUE | THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF A SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF FOOD |
| OBESE | WHEN BODY MASS INDEX IS GREATER THAN 30 KG/M2 |
| OILS | LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE |
| OVERNUTRITION | REFERS TO A CALORIC INTAKE IN EXCESS OF DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, RESULTING IN STORAGE OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF INCREASED ADIPOSE TISSUE |
| OVERWEIGHT | A BMI OF 26-30 KG/M2 |
| PERCUTANEIOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY | A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A PEG CATHETER IS INSERTED INTO THE STOMACH THROUGH THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES OF THE ABDOMEN; USED AS A FEEDING TUBE |
| PERCUTANEIOUS ENDOSCOPIC JEJUNOSTOMY | A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A PEJ CATHETER IS INSERTED INTO THE JEJUNUM THROUGH THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES OF THE ABDOMEN; USED AS A FEEDING TUBE |
| POLYSACCHARIDES | A BRANCHED CHAIN OF DOZENS, SOMETIMES HUNDREDS, OF GLUCOSE MODELCULES; STARCHES |
| POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS | FATTY ACID WITH MORE THAN ONE DOUBLE BOND (OR MANY CARBONS NOT BONDED TO A HYDROGEN ATOM) |
| PROTEIN CALORIE MALNUTRITION | AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL INTAKE AND THE BODY'S PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS |
| PUREED DIET | A MODIFICATION OF THE SOFT DIET WHEREIN LIQUID MAY BE ADDED TO THE FOOD, WHICH IS THEN BLENDED TO A SEMISOLID CONSISTENCY |
| REFEEDING SYNDROME | A COMBINATION OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE SHIFTS THAT CAN OCCUR AFTER A LENGTHY PERIOD OF MALNUTRITION OR STARVATION. THIS SYNDROME CAN OCCUR WHEN THE STARVING BODY CONVERTS FROM CREATING GLUCOSE FROM CARBOHYDRATES TO CREATING IT FROM PROTEIN STORES SINCE CARBOHYDRATES WERE UNAVAILABLE |
| REGURGITATION | THE SPITTING UP OR BACKWARD FLOW OF UNDIGESTED FOOD |
| RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE | THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN BASIC BODY FUNCTIONS |
| SATURATED FATTY ACIDS | THOSE IN WHICH ALL CARBON ATOMS ARE FILLED TO CAPACITY WITH HYDROGEN |
| SKINFOLD MEASUREMENT | AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF BODY FAT, THE MAIN FORM OF STORED ENERGY |
| SMALL CALORIE | THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 G OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS |
| TRIGLYCERIDES | SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE THREE FATTY ACIDS; THEY ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN 90% OF THE LIPIDS IN FOOD AND IN THE BODY |
| UNDERNUTRITION | INTAKE OF NUTRIENTS INSUFFICIENT TO MEET DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AS A RESULT OF INADEQUATE FOOD INTAKE OR IMPROPER DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF FOOD |
| UNSATURATED FATTY ACID | A FATTY ACID THAT COULD ACCOMMODATE MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS THAN IT CURRENTLY DOES |
| UREA | A SUBSTANCE FOUND IN URINE, BLOOD, AND LYMPH; THE MAIN NITOGENOUS SUBSTANCE IN BLOOD |
| VITAMIN | AN ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT CANNOT BE MANUFACTURED BY THE BODY AND IS NEEDED IN SMALL QUANTITIES TO CATALYZE METABOLIC PROCESSES |
| WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS | VITAMINS THAT THE BODY CANNOT STORE, SO PEOPLE MUST GET A DAILY SUPPLY IN THE DIET; INCLUDE C AND B-COMPLEX VITAMINS |
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