ENGLISH 7 and ENGLISH 8 SOL VOCABULARY
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134 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 word choice | the writer's choice, or selection, of words |
| innuendo | (n.) a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense) |
| root | the form of a word after all prefixes and suffixes are removed |
| prefix | an affix that added in front of the word |
| suffix | an affix that is added at the end of the word |
| affix | attach or become attached to a stem word |
| analogy | a word pair formed from certain and known relationships; from this pair of words, other word relationships are formed |
| figurative language | writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid |
| vivid | having the clarity and freshness of immediate experience |
| setting | the time and place of a story |
| character | an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction or narrative nonfiction |
| narrative | a story |
| folk tale | a story passed down from person to person by word of mouth |
| fable | a brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters |
| autobiography | the story of a person's life written by that person |
| biography | story of a person's life written by another person |
| nonfiction | writing that tells about real people, places, and events |
| fiction | a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact |
| periodical | a magazine published regularly |
| fact | a statement that can be proven |
| opinion | a personal belief or judgment that cannot be proven |
| onomatopoeia | a word spelled in a way that imitates a sound |
| alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words |
| repetition | repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis |
| assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds |
| consonance | the repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the ends of words |
| rhyme | the repetition of sounds at the ends of words |
| simile | a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between two things, formed with "like" or "as" |
| metaphor | a figure of speech comparing to unlike things without using "like" or "as" |
| personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes |
| hyperbole | a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor |
| idiom | a phrase that cannot be taken literally, but its meaning is understood |
| theme | a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work |
| main idea | what a piece of writing is mainly about |
| conflict | opposition between characters or forces |
| imagery | the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, thing, place, or experience |
| poetic | lyrical; graceful; rhythmical |
| source of text | a person or entity who supplies information |
| author's purpose | reason for writing a text |
| viewpoint | a way of looking at something |
| point of view | the perspective from which the writer tells the story (1st, 2nd, 3rd person; omniscient, limited omniscient) |
| narrator | the person who is telling the story |
| first-person narrator | a point of view in which a narrator is a character in the story and relates the actions through his or her own perspective, also revealing his or her own thoughts; uses "I" to refer to himself/herself |
| third-person limited narrator | the narrator is an observer of the action but only tells the thoughts and feelings of one character |
| third-person omnicient narrator | the narrator is not a character in the story, but someone who stands outside the story and comments on the action. |
| graphic organizer | a chart or diagram that readers can use to take notes and organize information |
| reference | a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts, like a dictionary, thesaurus, atlas, or encyclopedia |
| dictionary | a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them |
| thesaurus | a book containing a classified list of synonyms |
| synonym | a word that means the same as another word |
| antonym | a word that means the opposite of another word |
| atlas | a collection of maps in book form |
| inference | a logical guess one makes based on the evidence; readers make inferences while they read |
| conclusion | a final inference made after all the evidence is given |
| summary | a brief statement that presents the main points of a text |
| summarize | to give the main point or idea |
| organizational pattern | the structure, or order, of textual information; texts can be organized in the following patterns: sequence, cause-effect, problem-solution, generalization, et cetera |
| chronological order | the order in which events happen in time |
| sequence | a following of one thing after another in time |
| boldface | darker words used for emphasis |
| italics | text that is slanted to the right |
| underlining | a line or lines drawn underneath to call attention to text |
| boxed text | text with a rectangle drawn around it for emphasis |
| centering | placing text so that half of the text is on each side of the center point |
| font | a set of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks with a unique shape and design |
| persuasive writing | writing in which the author wants to convince readers to agree with the author's opinions. |
| inform | to impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to |
| entertain | to interest and amuse |
| persuade | to cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action |
| cause and effect | an explanation of the actions that result in reactions |
| generalization | forming general principles based on detailed facts |
| definition | an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol |
| context clue | a clue that helps a reader understand a new word |
| foreshadowing | the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot of a story |
| climax | the decisive moment in a story |
| plot | the sequence of events in a story |
| characterization | the act of describing distinctive characteristics or essential features of a character |
| comparison | the act of examining similarities or differences |
| tone | the attitude of the author toward the audience and characters (e.g., serious or humorous) |
| connotation | the feelings or emotions surrounding a word |
| denotation | the dictionary definition of a word |
| internal conflict | a problem or struggle within a character (person v. self) |
| external conflict | a struggle between a character and an outside force (person v. person, person v. nature, person v. society, person v. ghost) |
| essay | a short written composition on a particular subject |
| novel | a printed and bound book that is an extended work of fiction |
| short story | a fictional narrative shorter than a novel |
| prose | ordinary writing that is not poetry |
| transitions | words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between or bridge ideas |
| prediction | a statement made about the future |
| organize | to arrange in a particular order |
| synthesize | to combine; to blend together |
| apply | to use knowledge you have learned in the past in a new situation |
| research | a search for knowledge |
| primary source | text that tells a first-hand account of an event; original works used when researching (letters, journals) |
| secondary source | information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event |
| works cited | a complete listing of sources referenced in the text of a report |
| bibliography | list of books |
| quotation | a statement which repeats the exact words that someone else has said |
| dialogue | a literary composition in the form of a conversation between two people |
| paraphrase | to restate text in other words for the purpose of clarifying the meaning |
| irony | when the opposite of what you expect to happen actually occurs; when that happens, we say it is "ironic" |
| poetry | a type of literature in which ideas and feelings are expressed in creative ways that are meant to evoke emotion and often includes figurative language |
| initiating event | In a story, the event that sets the main conflict into motion. |
| rising action | the series of conflicts or struggles that build a story toward a climax |
| falling action | events after the climax, leading to the resolution; events after the climax, which close the story |
| climax | the decisive moment in a novel or play |
| dialogue | in a story, novel, or play, a conversation between two people |
| static character | a character who does not change at all, or who remains almost entirely the same, throughout the course of a play or story |
| dynamic character | a character who changes in the course of the play or story |
| foreshadowing | the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot |
| flashback | the insertion of an earlier event into the normal chronological order of a narrative |
| process | A number of steps that one takes in order to do or make something |
| enumeration | a numbered list |
| concept | A general idea or thought about something |
| redundancy | unnecessary repetition |
| trivial | not large enough to consider or notice |
| rhythm | the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements |
| symbolism | A device in literature where an object represents an idea. |
| irony | a difference between what might be expected and what actually occurs |
| omniscient | All-knowing |
| colored type | typeface that is made a different color for emphasis |
| indentation | the space left between the margin and the start of an indented line |
| sidebar | a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story |
| graphic | an image or object created or inserted into a document that illustrates the text or makes the page more attractive |
| heading | a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about |
| subheading | a heading of a subdivision of a text |
| footnote | a printed note placed below the text on a printed page; a printed note or definition placed below the text at the bottom of the page |
| annotation | A critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work |
| accuracy | the quality of nearness to the truth |
| placement | the act of putting something in a certain place or location |
| thoroughness | performing tasks with attention to completeness, correctness, and detail |
| relevance | adapting the information in the speech so that audience members view it as important to them |
| effectiveness | doing the right things to create the most value |
| credibility | believability |
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