Systematic Botany
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fruit | mature ovary |
| pericarp | wall of a mature ovary |
| exocarp | outer layer of fruit wall or pericarp |
| mesocarp | middle fleshy/pulpy |
| endocarp | inner layer like pit or stone |
| seed | mature ovule |
| dehiscent | dry, open at maturity and seed comes out |
| indehiscent | fleshy, don't release seed at maturity |
| drupe | outer part is soft can be leathery/fibrous, center has one or more hard pits or stones, consisting of a bony endocarp, examples are peach, olive, avocado |
| berry | fruit formed from 1 compound ovary and few to many seeds, examples are tomato, kiwi, grape, and banana |
| hesperidium | berry like fruit covered with a thick leathery rind w/ locules filled with fleshy hairs, examples are orange |
| pepo | fruit derived from a compound inferior ovary in which the outer wall becomes hard and tough, examples are watermelon and cucumber |
| multiple | fruit made up of more than 1 flower usually with superior ovaries, examples are pineapple, fig (synconium), and mulberry |
| pome | fruit formed from a compound inferior ovary in which receptacle or calyx tube becomes thick and fleshy, examples are apple and pear |
| aggregate | fruit with receptacle that is not especially fleshy that has several to many pistils that become a fleshy drupe, example is a blackberry |
| accessory | fruit made up of succulent receptacle covered with several to many pistils, each forming a dry achene like fruit, example is a strawberry |
| rose hip | a cluster of achenes surrounded by a hypanthium or cup-shaped receptacle |
| achene (cypsela) | one locule/seed, attaches to pericarp in only one point |
| caryopsis/grain | one locule/seed, seed attached at all sides of pericarp |
| nut | one locule/seed with hard coat |
| acorn | one locule/seed, hard coat with cap, persistent bracts |
| samara | one locule/seed, winged achene |
| schizocarp | one locule/seed, fruit with two or more seeded carpels that separate from each other leaving a connection between them |
| circumscissle/pyxis | capsule that opens by lid formed along horizontal suture |
| poricidal | capsule that has pores at top |
| septicidal | capsule that splits at the septa |
| loculicidal | capsule that splits along middle of locule |
| legume | splits along middle on both sides |
| follicle | one celled, one carpellate fruit, splits one one side only |
| loment | single carpel breaks transversely into one-seeded segments |
| silique | long, with length more than two times width; 2 locular fruit splitting with each half or valve separate from one another so that septum is left behind |
| sillicle | short, 2 locular fruit splitting with each half or valve separate from one another so that septum is left behind |
| orbicular | long petiole attaching to rhizome (in Nymphaeaceae) |
| staminodes | nectar or odor producing appendages |
| hypogynous | the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the ovary |
| dioecious | having male and female reproductive organs in separate plants or animals |
| dichotomous | divided or dividing into two sharply distinguished parts or classifications |
| perigynous | superior ovary, all outer whorls fuse to form a cup-shaped hypanthium below the ovary |
| xerophytic | adapted to aridity |
| aeroles | very reduced branches |
| glochids | irritating hairs |
| orcea | petiole base at sheathing stipule |
| quincunical aestivation | 2 tepals in, 2 tepals out, and one half in and one half out |
| excurrent branching | central axis and smaller lateral branches |
| decurrent petiole | extends down from points of attachment |
| arils | any appendage or thickening of the seed coat |
| caruncle | oily body collected for food in ant dispersal |
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