AP Biology Vocabulary Review #5
Order by
25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. |
| hydrolysis | A chemical process that lyses or splits molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion. |
| hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water. |
| hydroxide ion | The anion OH having one oxygen and one hydrogen atom. |
| hydroxyl group | a hydrophillic and polar functional group (-OH) that is present in compounds known as alcohols. |
| induced fit | The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate, induced by entry of the substrate. |
| inhibitor | a molecule which represses or prevents another molecule from engaging in a reaction. |
| isomer | One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. Three types: structural, geometric , and enantiomers. |
| isotope | One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass. |
| ionic bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge. |
| lipid | hydrophobic organic compounds used by cells as energy stores or building blocks; fats, steroids, and phospholipids. |
| macromolecule | A giant molecule of living matter formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by condensation synthesis. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| metabolic pathway | series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. |
| metabolism | the totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism. |
| molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| monosaccharide | the simplest form of a carbohydrate. the most important one is glucose. |
| monomer | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. |
| neutron | An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge), found in the atom. |
| nonpolar covalent bond | A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule composed of nucletides, sugars, and phosphates that serves as genetic amterial of living organisms (DNA and RNA). |
| nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. |
| peptide bond | The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by condensation synthesis. |
| phosphate group | an acidic functional group that is a vital component of molecules that serve as cellular energy sources: ATP, ADP, and GTP. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.