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controlled experiment involves changing one factor and observing its effect on one thing while keeping all other things constant science a way of learning more about the natural world constant variable that is not changed in an experiment independent variable variable that is changed in an experiment dependent variable variable that changes as a result of a change in the independent variable critical thinking combining what you already know with the new facts that you are given to decide if ou should agree with something model any representation of an object or even used as a tool for understanding the natural world data scientific observations hypothesis reasonable guess that can be tested and is based on what is known and what is observed technology use of science to help people in some way infer to draw a conclusion based on observation variable factor that can be changed in an experiment scientific law a rule that describes a pattern in nature but does not try to explain why something happens system collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other scientific theory a possible explanation for repeatedly observed patterns in nature supported by observation and results from many investigatons life science study of living systems and how they interact physical science study of matter, which is anything that takes up space and has mass, and the study of energy, which is the ability to cause change earth science study of earth systems in space, including weather and climate systems, and the study of nonliving things such as rocks, oceans, and planets measurement a way to describe the world with numbers estimation can help make a rough measurement of an object precision a description of how close measurements are to each other accuracy comparison of how close a measurement is to the real, actual, or accepted value SI international system of units meter the SI unit for length volume the amount of space an object takes up mass measures the amount of matter an object has kilogram the SI unit for mass weight the measurement of force kelvin the SI unit for temperature rate the amount of change of one measurement in a given amount of time table displays information in rows and columns graph used to collect, organize, and summarize data in a visual way line graph shows the relationship between two variables bar graph shows relationships among variables circle graph shows the parts of a whole