JeffCo Bio113 Exam 4: Ch. 14 thru 14.2 First-Line Defenses
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Created by:
gcloning on April 2, 2012
Subjects:
JeffCo Bio113 Exam 4, The Innate Immune System, First-Line Defenses
Description:
Spring 2012; Instructor = Vivian AuBuchon; lecture notes material (new 7th Edition textbook)
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 are generally sterile | blood, muscles, bones, organs |
| Skin, mucous membranes prevent | entry of microorganisms |
| innate immunity | is non-specific; The body has sensor systems to detect invaders, & mount a response |
| Adaptive immunity | is specific and continues to develop throughout life, each time a new antigen is encountered |
| Antigens (Ag) | anything that causes an immune response, i.e. pathogens, pollen, cat hair, etc. |
| Antibodies (Ab) | are produced by the host in response to antigens |
| First-line defenses | are barriers blocking entry, i.e. Skin and mucous membranes |
| If invaders breach the 1st line defenses, | sensor systems detect & send out signals to initiate the innate defenses |
| First-Line Defenses: Skin | -Difficult for microbes to penetrate -Slightly acidic due to fatty & lactic acids (microbes do not like acidic environments) -a Physical Barrier |
| Dermis | -tightly woven fibrous connective tissue, making it very tough -located under the outer layers of skin |
| Epidermis | -made up of many layers of epithelial cells -Outermost are dead, filled with keratin -outer layer of skin |
| When outermost layers of epidermis shed | they take microbes off with them. |
| keratin | -water resistant protein in the outermost layers of skin -makes skin a dry environment (which a lot of microbes don't like) |
| First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membranes | -bathed in secretions which wash away microbes -line the Digestive, respiratory, genitourinary tracts -Peristalsis of intestines -mucociliary escalator of respiratory tract remove microbes -a Physical Barrier |
| Peristalsis | involuntary muscular movement (wave-like contractions) which propels food, liquid & microbes through the intestines and out of the body |
| mucociliary escalator of respiratory tract moves microbes | -away from the lungs and toward the throat where they can be swallowed -using cilia (hair-like projections of cells) |
| First-Line Defenses: Antimicrobial Substances | -Salt accumulates from perspiration -Lysozyme -Peroxidase enzymes found in saliva break down hydrogen peroxide to ROS (reactive oxygen species). -Lactoferrin & Transferrin bind iron |
| Lysozyme | -enzymes that degrade peptidocglycan (which is unique to bacteria) -found in tears, saliva, mucus, blood & phagocytic cells -First-Line Defense: Antimicrobial Substance |
| Peroxidase enzymes work best against organisms that | cannot make catylase (enzyme that breaks down H2O2 to H20+O2, making H2O2 harmless) |
| Lactoferrin | -binds iron (which is essential for microbial growth), preventing its use for microbial growth -found in saliva, mucus & breastmilk |
| Transferrin | -binds iron (which is essential for microbial growth), preventing its use for microbial growth -found in blood & tissue fluids |
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