Biology 1
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cells | the basic units of life |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in the liivng things, new cells are produced from existing cells. |
| electron microscopes | microscopes that scan electron rays to look at objects very closely |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| organelles | "little organs" |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | composed of two membranes, dotted with nuclear pores, helps things move in and out of cell |
| chromatin | consists of DNA bound to protein |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures which contain genetic information |
| nucleolus | where assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found in cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | site where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled with proteins |
| golgi apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from E.R for storage in cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes, digests lipids carbs and proteins |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, and proteins |
| mitochondria | all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria, organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food int compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into energy |
| cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape |
| microfilaments | threadlike structures made of protein called actin |
| microtubules | hollow structures made up of proteins |
| centrioles | located near nuclues, help organize cell division |
| cell membrane | a thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells |
| cell wall | layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | double layered sheet that protects the cell |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| diffusion | when particles move from a concentrated to less concentrated area |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when when concentrations of water and sugar are the same on both sides of the membrane |
| hypertonic | above strength |
| hypotonic | below strength |
| facilitated diffusion | the diffusion of glucose across the membrane |
| active transport | requires energy, transport of small molecules or ions |
| endocytosis | process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| pinocytosis | when tiny pockets frm along cell membrane |
| exocytosis | membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane |
| plasma membrane | fluid mosaic model, head hydrophillic, tails hydrophobic |
| cellular homeostasis | maintenance of constant environment within cell |
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