S4 HoLA (Ancient People and Explorers)
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mayans | - Most advanced - 3rd-16th Centuries - Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador - Advanced in architecture, astronomy, and math - Had own calendar - Only Indian group in Americas with advanced writing system • After conquest, many translated legends and myths into Spanish |
| Aztecs | - 15th Century Mexico - Capital = Tenochtitlan - Constructed huge cities dominated by religion - Constructed enormous temples in the form of pyramids (human sacrifices) |
| Incas | - Andes Mts. (Peru) - Success was their political system - Well-organized army - Great system of roads = all led to capital = Cuzco - Had own writing system = quipu - Language = quecha |
| Columbus | - "Discoverer of America" - Took 4 trips to the New World but never touched North America - Went to Antilles, coast of S. America, and Central America - First discovery = October 12, 2492 = "Dia de la Raza" - Founded first colony in 1492 = "Fuerte de Navidad" in Santo Domingo |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | - Est. colony in Puerto Rico in 1508 - Discovered Florida in 1513 while looking for Fountain of Youth |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | - Crossed Panama Canal - Discovered Pacific Ocean in 1513 (he called it the South Sea) |
| Francisco Pizarro | - Accompanied Balboa on his trip to the Pacific in 1513 - Destroyed Incan emperor Atahualpa - Founded city of Lima in 1535 (called "City of Kings") |
| Juean Elcano | - Completed first voyage around the world - Finished trip upon death of Magallanes |
| Hernan Cortes | - Most famous conquistador - Left Cuba in 1518 and arrived in Aztec capital in 1519 - Destroyed Aztecs in 1521 and became gov. of New Spain |
| Fray Junipero Serra | - Missionary - North America - Est. missions in California (LA, San Diego, San Francisco) |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | - Left Mexico for fabulous "7 Cities of Cibola" - Explored large part of Southwest US - Discovered Grand Canyon |
| Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca | - Explored Florida and North of Mexico - Named governor of La Plata |
| Pedro de Valdivia | - Was in Peru with Pizarro - Conquered Chile in 1541 - Named governor of Chile |
| Bartolome de las Casas | - Missionary - Dedicated his work in favor of Indians - Worked to limit slave labor and harsh treatment of Indians - "Protector of the Indians" |
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