GI 2
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what is another word for chewing | mastication |
| this process is initially voluntary then later becomes entirely under reflex control | swallowing |
| the movement of food between these locations is the only location where there is voluntary control | mouth-pharynx |
| what is the common feature in the movement of food in the pharyngeal and esophogeal stages | involuntary control |
| swallowing is initiated when a signal is transmitted to the swallowing receptor located where | medulla; lower pons |
| what prevents food from entering the trachea | elevation of the larynx; closing the glottis |
| what prevents food from entering the nasal passage | uvula |
| what controls the regulation of peristaltic waves | myenteric plexus |
| which sphincter opens to allow food into the esophogus | pharyngoesophageal sphincter |
| which sphincter allows food into the stomach | gastroesophogeal sphincter |
| the decrease in pressure at the entrance of the stomach is known as | receptive relaxation |
| the swallowing center is also known as what | deglutition |
| swallowing impulses travel from trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves to where | tractus solitarius |
| which nerve is key to long reflexes and regulationg the upper schincter | vagus nerve |
| which sphincter closes to prevent the entrance of air | pharyngoesophageal sphincter |
| which sphincter closes to prevent gastric entrance | gastroesophogeal sphincter |
| what is the term for difficulty swallowing | dysphagia |
| what describes when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax following a swallow and pressure builds up | achalasia |
| what describes when the lower schincter does not block stomach contents causing heartburn | esophageal reflux/ esophagitis |
| which organ serves as a storage site for food, secretes intrinsic factor, begins digestion | stomach |
| the upper region of the stomach, fundus and body are known as what | orad |
| the lower region of the stomach with antrum, pyloric regions are known as what | caudad |
| which region of the stomach is known for strong contractions | caudad |
| which region of the stomach is known for weaker contractions | orad |
| instead of food being pushed to the sphincter in the stomach it is often pushed back into the stomach for further mixing and acidification; this is known as what | repulsion |
| what serves to keep chyme from entering the duoedenum prematurely | pyloric sphincter |
| what chemical closes the pyloric sphincter preventing emptying but also stimulates contractions for further food breakdown | gastrin |
| what chemical senses the fat content of the chyme and sends it back to the stomach for more breakdown | CCK |
| which chemical is secreted in response to gastrin to combat the acidity | secretin |
| which chemical weakly inhibits gastric movements but stimulates insulin release | gastric inhibitory peptide |
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