1.
Do we see ureters sonographically?: Not unless they are enlarged.
2.
Explain the blood flow in the kidney.: main renal artery to the-
segmental to the-
interlobar to the-
arcuate to the-
interlobular to the-
afferent to the-
efferent
3.
Explain the vasculature in the kidney.: 1. afferent arteriole
2. glomerulus
3. efferent arteriole (bk to circ)
4. Bowman's capsule
5. descending tubule
6. loop of henle
7. ascending tubule
8. convoluted tubules
9. collecting duct
collecting duct dumps into a pyramid
4.
How do the renals run in the body?: TRV
5.
How long are the ureters?: 25 cm in length
6.
Labs related to the kidney?: BUN-blood, urea, nitrogen (getting rid of wastes)
Creatinine (hydration)
7.
Renal veins are ____ to renal arteries: anterior
8.
RRA runs posterior to ___. Longer/shorter course than LRA? Where does it enter kidney?: IVC; longer; hilum posterior to RRV
9.
Size of kidneys?: L-9-12cm
10.
The kidney cleanses/filters the blood, while the spleen cleanses/filters the blood: cleanses; filters
11.
The renal hilum is located medially/laterally and contains what 3 things?: medially, a renal vein, a renal artery, and a ureter
12.
This anomaly has 2 separate renal sinuses, and the column of bertin goes the whole way through.: duplex collecting system
13.
This anomaly is a band of cortical tissue extending between renal pyramids, sometimes to the renal sinus. (will be isoechoic to the renal cortex): hypertrophied column of bertin
14.
This anomaly is a little extra patch of renal parenchyma (like an accessory kidney): supernumerary kidney
15.
This anomaly is a localized cortical bulge found on the lateral LK.: dromedary hump
16.
This anomaly is common when you search in the normal spot for a kidney and do not see one.: pelvic kidney
17.
This anomaly is excess fat in the sinus and collective tissue (makes tumor distinction more difficult).: renal sinus lipomatosis
18.
This anomaly is the absence of a kidney and ureter. What is this linked to?: Renal agenesis; absence of ovary
19.
This anomaly occurs when the pelvis lives outside of the kidneys (you can see sonographically that nothing else has fluid in it): extra renal pelvis
20.
This anomaly occurs when the upper or (most commonly) lower poles fuse during fetal development.: horseshoe kidney
21.
Ureteral orifice is seen at the bladder ____.: trigone
22.
What 5 things do we assess the kidneys for?: 1. perineal fat
2. renal size
3. parenchymal detail
4. to rule out obstruction
5. to rule out anomalies
23.
What anterior structures cover the left kidney?: 1. panc tail
2. adrenal
3. spleen
4. jejunum
5. stomach
6. splenic flexure of the colon
24.
What anterior structures cover the right kidney?: 1. adrenal
2. rt lobe of liver
3. 2nd part of medial duodenum
4. hepatic flexure of the colon
25.
What are the 3 constrictions of the ureters?: 1. at renal hilum
2. as they cross the pelvic brim
3. at bladder wall
26.
What are the 3 main parts of the kidney?: 1. cortex
2. medulla
3. sinus
27.
What are the 3 renal functions?: 1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. tubular secretions
28.
What are the bands of cortical parenchyma separating each renal pyramid, and these may extend into the renal sinus?: columns of Bertin
29.
What do the nephrons do?: excrete urine to eliminate waste and maintain electrolyte balance in body.
30.
What do you call one or 2 fetal lobulations?: junctional defect
31.
What do you commonly see with color on as the bladder fills?: ureteral jets
32.
What does a neonatal kidney look like?: will be smaller, not have a prominent echogenic fat layer, looks like a choc chip cookie
33.
What is included in the malphigian body in the nephron?: capsule + glomerulus
34.
What is it called when the systole doesn't go straight up anymore (it's delayed) and you get a point in your waveform, which signifies a decrease: Tardus Parvus
35.
What is it called when there's no nice systolic window, and the peaks are elevated and irregular?: renal artery stenosis
36.
What is the best reason for ultrasound on the kidneys?: to investigate solid vs. cystic masses
37.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?: nephron
38.
What is the kidney surrounded by? (3 things): true capsule, fat, Gerota's fascia
39.
What is the path of waste products?: First to CORTEX-
then to PYRAMIDS-
then to MINOR CALYCES-
then to MAJOR CALYCES-
then to URETERS-
then to BLADDER-
40.
What kind of capsule does a nephron contain?: Bowman's capsule
41.
What kind of unit is a nephron?: a filtration/reabsorption unit
42.
What part of the kidney takes out the waste?: nephrons
43.
When you have doppler on a renal artery, what kind of resistance should it have?: LOW resis (lots of diastolic flow, sharp systolic peaks)
44.
Where are body waste substances secreted into?: distal tubules
45.
Where are fetal lobulations common?: LT kidney
46.
Where do the spiral muscles that surround the pyramids live primarily? What is their function?: inside the columns of Bertin, they exert "milking" action to enhance urine flow
47.
Where does the filtration occur in the kidney? Where do substances filter into?: glomerulus; bowman's capsule
48.
Where does the LRA enter kidney? The LRA is easier/harder to see than the RRA?: at hilum posterior to LRV, harder
49.
Where does the reabsorption occur?: convoluted tubules, loop of henle, and collecting tubules
50.
Which muscle near the kidney lies lateral and relates to the lower pole of the kidney?: quadratus lumborum
51.
Which muscle near the kidney lies medially and relates to the upper pole of the kidney?: psoas
52.
Which part of the kidney contains major calyces and the hilum and is the most echogenic? This part is surrounded by fat.: sinus
53.
Which part of the kidney contains renal pyramids and minor calyces? This part is the very beginning of the collecting system: medulla
54.
Which part of the kidney is the outer, less echogenic parenchyma and houses nephrons?: cortex
