The Visual System - Organization
About this set
Created by:
blasianonna on April 2, 2012
Subjects:
anatomy, physiology, bme2102, bme 2102
Description:
Terms and their definitions about certain parts of the human eye (p.33 of physiology notes)
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sclera | white outerlayer of connective tissue (eyewhite); function = protection |
| cornea | transparent extension of sclera; function = provides focusing (along with lens), high reflection of light rays inside |
| choroid | thin pigmented inner layer; covers entire eyeball, contains blood vessels and pigmented tissue (melanin) |
| iris | circular and radial fibers with opening in the center (pupil); nerve III |
| lens | focusing system; its curvature is controlled by ciliary smooth muscle |
| superior rectus muscle | the fastest muscle in the body, therefore making the eye the fastest moving organ; nerve III, IV |
| anterior chamber (anterior cavity) | space between iris and cornea filled with aqueous humor |
| vitreous body (posterior cavity) | non-circulating, non-absorbing, permanent gelatinous, clear substance |
| details vitreous body (posterior cavity) | sciliary process in here = secrete aqueous humor --> goes to anterior chamber and exists through the canal of schlemm (completes circulation in 2-3 hours) |
| retina | layers of specialized nerve cells responsible for image formation; first image formed here; blood supply here |
| fovea | center of the retinal visual field containing cones only (also called the macula) = seeing color |
| optic disc | exit point of optic nerve fibers (axons of the ganglion neurons); blind spot with no photoreceptors; entry of retinal arteries and veins |
| optic nerve (cranial nerve II) | consists of 1 million optic nerve fibers that travel to the brain |
| accommodation | adjusting of pupil to focus on objects at different distances |
| circular accommodation | constriction = making pupil smaller |
| radial accommodation | contraction = dilation of pupil; can increase/decrease by 16-fold |
| glaucoma | disease of anterior chamber with pressure build up due to problems with secretion, flow, and/or absorption |
| cataract | cloudiness in lens |
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