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water soluble is extracellular receptor, cant diffuse (peptide and amino acid hormones) lipid soluble are intracellular receptors, hormones diffuse in cell (steroid hormones) hypothalamus controls the secretions of the pituitary gland hypothalamic pituitary axis both structures coordinate the actions of many key hormonal messaging systems pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads what are the major endocrine glands oxytocin hypothalamus thyroxine thyroid gland epinephrine and cortisol adrenal gland insulin pancreas progesterone and estrogen ovaries testosterone testes thyroid pituitary gland goiter an enlarged thyroid gland that forms a bulge in the neck iodine ____ deficient diet can reduce the production thyroxine low thyroxine can make you feel metally and physically sluggish, loss of appetite hyperthyroidism produceses too much there is excess thyroxine ( restless, irritable) calcitonin parathyroid hormone is involved in homeostasis of what major mineral calcitonin maintains nearly constant calcium levels in the blood and body fluids insulin reduces the blood glucose level glucagon increases blood glucose level exocrine releases digestive enzymes endocrine releases insulin and glucagon diabetes mellitus lack of insulin production or the failure of target cells to respond to insulin gametes and sex hormones what do sex organs secrete as part of their endocrine function metabolism stress adrenal glands secrete hormones that regulate ____ and response to _____ sympathetic what division of the nervous system stimulates the adrenals epinephrine and norepinephrine prepare the body for emergency action melatonin and amino acid what hormone is secreted by the pineal gland light entering the eyes the hormones secreted by the pineal gland regulate _______