Chapter 2
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anthropocentrism | The belief that humans old a special place in natures |
| Biocentrism | The belief that all creatures have rights and values |
| Blind Experiments | Experiments in which those carrying out the experiment don't know until after data is gathered and analyzed which was the experimental treatment and which was the control |
| Controlled Studies | Studies in which comparisons are made between experimental and control populations that are identical in every factor accept the 1 variable being studied |
| Deductive Reasoning | Deriving testable predictions about specific cases from general principles |
| Double Blind Design | Experiment in which neither the experimenter or the subject know until after the data is gathered and analyzed which was the experimental treatment and which was the control |
| Ecofeminism | Pluralistic, nonhierarchical, relationship oriented philosophy that suggests how humans could reconceive themselves and their relationships to nature in non-denominating was as an alternative to patriarchal systems of dominion |
| Environmental Ethics | a search for moral values and ethical principles in human relations with the natural world |
| Environmental Justice | Combines civil rights with environmental protection to demand a safe, healthy, live-giving environment for everyone |
| Environmental Racism | Inequitable distribution of environmental hazards based on race |
| Hypotheses | Conditional explanation that can be verified or falsified |
| Inductive Reasoning | Inferring general principles from specific examples |
| Inherent Value | Ethical or rights that exist as an intrinsic or essential characteristic of a particular thing or class of things simply by the fact of their existence |
| Instrumental Value | Value or worth of objects that satisfy the needs and wants of moral agents |
| LULUs | (locally Unwanted Land Uses)such as toxic waste dumps, incinerators, smelters, airports, freeways, and other sources of environmental, economic, or social degradation |
| Moral Agents | Beings capable of making distinctions between right and wrong and acting accordingly; hold responsibility for own actions |
| Moral Extensionism | Expansion of our understanding of inherent values or rights to persons, organisms, or things that n=might not be considered worthy of value or rights under some ethical philosophies |
| Moral Subjects | Beings who are not moral agents themselves but have moral interests of their own and can be treated rightly or wrongly by others |
| Morals | The distinction between right and wrong |
| Nihilists | Claim that the world makes no sense at all, it has no meaning or purpose other than dark, cruel, unceasing struggles for power and existence |
| Paradigms | Overarching models of the world that guide our interpretation of events |
| Parsimony | If two explanations appear equally plausible, chose the simpler one |
| Relativists | Those who believe that moral principle are always dependant on the particular situation |
| Reproducibility | Making an observation or obtaining a particular result more than once |
| Science | Derives from the Latin word "knowing", is a process for producing knowledge |
| Scientific Theory | An explanation supported by many tests and accepted by a general consensus of scientists |
| Significant Numbers | Meaningful numbers whose accuracy can be verified |
| Stewardship | Philosophy that holds that the humans have a unique responsibility to manage, care for, and improve nature |
| Toxic Colonialism | Shipping toxic wastes to a weaker or poorer nation/ country |
| Universalists | Those who believe that some fundamental ethical principles are universal and unchanging |
| Utilitarian | Hold that an action is right that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
| Values | The ultimate worth of actions or things |
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