1.
3 types of reservoirs: Humans, animals, enviroment
2.
Alimentary canal (gi tract): This portal of exit increases in significance as sanitation decreases
3.
An example of secondary prevention: Cancer screening programs
4.
Antigen-antibody binding: virus antibodies block their attachment to host cell
5.
Biological mode of transmission: Agent undergos physiological changes within the vector
6.
Case control studies: Compares study groups who are selected on the bias of whether or not they have a particular disease under study
7.
Chemical measures to inactivate the infectous agent: Chlorination, disinfection
8.
Chi-square: Value < or =3.84 accept the null hypothesis
9.
Chronic disease: Illness that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods
10.
Cohort studies: A defined population in which there are individuals or groups with differing levels of exposure status.
11.
Cohort studies are used to: Evaluate an outbreak for a well defined group
12.
Communicable period: Time interval during which the disease agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person or animal to a new susceptible host.
13.
Contact: Exposure to a source of infection; a person who has been exposed
14.
Enhance host resistance: Immunizations and nutrition
15.
Epidemiology: Study of distribution and determinants of health conditions and events among populations and the application of this study to control of health problems.
16.
Etiology: Study of factors that cause disease and the meathod of their introduction to the host
17.
Experimental studies (intervention): Individuals enrolled on basis of exposure status but researchers allocate treatment at random
18.
Fisher's exact: Reject the null if hypothesis is <.05
19.
IgM: First to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen
20.
Incidence rate: Measures the frequency with which an event occurs in a population during a specific period of time.
21.
Infection: Invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
22.
Interrupt transmission: Chemoprophylaxis and vector control
23.
Mechanical mode of transmission: Carry the organisms in hair, appendages or gut (as long as agent does not undergo any physiological changes in the vector.
24.
No signs of disease: Control group
25.
Pandemic: Epidemic on a worldwide scale
26.
Passive immunity: Attained either naturally by maternal transfer, or artifically by inoculation of specific protective antibodies and is of brief duration
27.
Period of convalescence: Recovery has occurred
28.
Presence of disease: Study group
29.
Preventive: Primary prevention
Conducted to evaluate wheather an agent or procedure reduces the risk of developing disease among those free from that condition at enrollment
30.
Primary prevention: Designed to reduce the occurrence of disease.
Interventions occur before agents interact with host.
31.
Prodromal period: Realtively short interval that follows the period of incubation in some diseases, characterized by early, mild symptoms
32.
Providing information: Keep everyone on a "need to know"
33.
Purpose of epidemiological studies: Determine etiology of disease and its frequency in human population.
Evaluate consistency of epidemioloical data with etiological hypothesis.
Provides basis for developing and evaluating preventive procedures and public health practices.
Improve our understanding of health and disease.
34.
Reservoir: Habitat where the agent grows
35.
Secoundary prevention: Aimed at early detection and treatment of disease before it has had time to progress
36.
Susceptibility: Vulnerability or lack of resistance
37.
Tertiary prevention: Designed to reduce the limitation of disability from disease
38.
The animal kingdom: Represents the principal reservoir for human pathogens
39.
Therapeutic: Secondary prevention
Conducted to determine the ability of an agent or procedure to diminish symptoms, prevent recurrence, and decrease risk of death
40.
When verifing a outbreak collect a sample weighing?: 1/2 to 1 pound, 1/2 to 1 pint
